汉译佛经与汉语词“思想”的来源及其演变

Chinese-translated Buddhist Sutras and Origin and Evolution of Chinese Word “思想 (Sixiang)”

佛教传入中国是文化交流史上的一件大事。汉译佛经为汉语引进了大量的外来词。"思想"一词发源于东汉汉译佛经,本为佛教术语,指"五蕴之第三想"。随着朝代更迭和社会发展,"思想"一词的语法功能逐渐扩展,由名词性功能发展出动词性功能;其意义也不断延伸,由佛教术语演变为一般词汇。及至现代汉语,"思想"的名词性功能和意义趋向固化,而动词性功能和意义则趋于消亡。

The introduction of Buddhism into China was a great event in the history of cultural exchange.Chinese-translated Buddhist sutras introduced a large number of loanwords into Chinese. The word＂ 思 想（sixiang）＂ first appeared in the Chinese-translated Buddhist sutras in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it belonged to the loanwords of the Sanskrit language. It is a Buddhist term that refers to＂the third thought of the five aggregates＂. With the change of dynasties and the development of society, the grammatical functions of＂思想（sixiang）＂expanded and it developed out the verbal function so as to be the predicative in the sentence from the nominal function. Its meaning is also continuously broadened, and it evolved from the Buddhist term into the general term. In the modern Chinese, the verbal grammatical function and meaning of ＂思想（sixiang）＂tends to die out, and the nominal grammatical function and meaning of＂ 思 想（sixiang）＂ tend to be solid and specialized.