生态位与“双一流”建设

Ecological Niche and “Double First-class” Construction

国家提出"双一流"(一流大学和一流学科)建设方案后,高校加速了争创"双一流"的步伐,然而高等教育系统内部普遍存在的问题如恶性竞争和功利化倾向等迫切需要得到解决,为此文章从生态学中"生态位"这一概念出发,望对解决这些问题提供新的思路。生态位的基本理论主要有竞争排斥原理、共生原理和协同进化原理等,大学在"双一流"建设过程中一方面要避免恶性竞争和功利化倾向等,另一方面要强化竞争意识,以此增强学校发展活力,促进高校之间实现优势互补、互利共赢、协同进化,并最终走上可持续发展的道路。从生态位的视角出发可望对"双一流"建设有所启示,以尽快地使我国从教育大国走向教育强国。

ALL the universities in China have accelerated their paces of striving for＂double first-class＂since China put forward the idea of＂double first-class＂program（first-class university and top discipline）.However,in the higher education system of China,some problems need to be solved urgently,such as vicious competition between universities and utilitarian tendency.The paper resorts to the concept of niche in ecology to have a discussion,hoping to provide a new way to solve the problems.The basic theories of niche mainly include the principle of competition and exclusion,the principle of symbiosis and the principle of co-evolution,etc.The aim of the author by using the theories is to state that universities will avoid vicious competition and utilitarian tendency but enhance the vitality of school development,promote the realization of complementary advantages and mutual benefit,and finally embark on the path of sustainable development in the process of＂double first-class＂construction.