利用气质联用技术研究不同方法提取的黄心夜合鲜叶挥发油成分

Study on volatile oil components from young leaves of Michelia martini Levl. by different extraction methods with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)

比较不同提取方法对黄心夜合鲜叶挥发油成分的提取效果,为黄心夜合挥发油提取方法的选择与药材的采集提供科学依据。分别以水蒸汽蒸馏法、CO_2超临界萃取、静态顶空法提取黄心夜合鲜叶挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分析。静态顶空萃取法获取的成分种类最多,主要成分有3-蒈烯(5.15%)、2-甲基2-丁烯-1-醇(5.26%)、2-乙基-1-甲基-3-丙基-环丁烷(5.03%)、甲氧基环庚烷(3.24%)、柠檬烯(3.27%)、别香橙烯(2.96%)、2-十一烯-4-醇(2.85%)、环己基甲基硅烷(2.69%)、1,2,3-三甲基-,(1α,2β,3α)-环己烷(2.76%)、1-丁烯基三甲基硅烷(2.73%)、角鲨烯(2.57%)、三甲基[4-(1,1,3,3,-四甲基丁基)苯基]硅烷(2.35%)等;CO_2超临界萃取法次之,主要成分有亚油酸(20.04%)、三十六烷(10.49%)、棕榈酸(7.22%)、叶绿醇(5.32%)、5,7,8-三甲基-二氢香豆素(5.67%)、α-芹子烯(2.46%)等,水蒸汽蒸馏法提取的成分种类最少,主要成分有β-罗勒烯(14.58%)、β-蒎烯(10.71%)、β-反式-罗勒烯(7.75%)、香芹烯(6.53%)、[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-4-乙烯基-α,α,4-三甲基-3-(1-异丙烯基)-环己甲醇(5.91%)、α-蒎烯(4.75%)、γ-依兰油烯(4.47%)、大根香叶烯(4.47%)、蓝桉醇(3.98%)等。3种提取方法没有共同的挥发油成分,只是水蒸汽蒸馏法和CO_2超临界萃取法有3种萜烯类化合物、3种醇类化合物相同。相对而言水蒸汽蒸馏法更适于提取分析常温下黄心夜合鲜叶释放的挥发油成分。

To provide scientific basis and guidance for choosing the right extraction method for extraction and collection of volatile oils of Michelia martini,a comparative study was carried out one the extraction effect of different extraction methods on essential oils from the young leaves of M.martini.The volatile oils were extracted respectively by water-steam distillation,CO2 supercritical extraction and static headspace method from the young leaves of M.martini and detected by GC-MS.Among all methods,the static headspace extraction method yield the largest type of components such as 3-Carene（5.15%）,2-methyl-2-Buten-1-ol（5.26%）,2-ethyl-1-methy-3-propyl-Cyclobutane（5.03%）,methoxy-Cycloheptane（3.24%）,Limonene（3.27%）,Alloaromadendrene（2.96%）,2-Undecen-4-ol（2.85%）,Cyclohexylmethylsilane（2.69%）,1,2,3-trimethyl-,（1α,2β,3α）-Cyclohexane（2.76%）,1-butenyltrimethyl-Silane（2.73%）,Squalene（2.57%）,Trimethyl[4-（1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl）phenoxy]silane（2.35%）and so on.The method of CO2 supercritical extraction produced the second largest type of components including Linoleic（20.04%）,Hexatriacontane（10.49%）,Pentadecanecarboxylic acid（7.22%）,3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol（5.32%）,5,7,8-trimethyl-Dihydrocoumarin（5.67%）,α-Selinene（2.46%）.The least type of components was obtained by the water-steam distillation method,includingβ-Ocimene（14.58%）,β-Pinene（10.71%）,trans-β-Ocimene（7.75%）,D-Limonene（6.53%）,[1 R-（1α,3α,4β）]-4-ethenyl-α,α,4-trimethyl-3-（1-methylethenyl）-Cyclohexanemethanol（5.91%）,α-Pinene（4.75%）,γ-Muurolen（4.47%）,Germacrene（4.47%）,Globulol（3.98%）.There are no common components among the volatile oils by three extraction methods,while there are common components of 3 kinds of terpenes and 3 kinds of alcohols among volatile oils by watersteam distillation and CO2 supercritical extraction.Relatively,the water vapor distillation may be the most suitable for extraction and analysis of volatile oils from young leaves of M.martinii at room temperature among the three extraction methods.