从努斯到伦理学——论《尼各马可伦理学》中努斯的意义与作用

From Nous to Ethics——Research on Nichomachean Ethics of Aristotle

＂努斯＂（Nous）是西方哲学中重要的范畴,它作为一个哲学概念首先由阿那克萨哥拉提出,随后亚里士多德在《尼各马可伦理学》中将努斯理解为为人类所特有的认识能力和实践能力,在这一转化中努斯构成了人的认识活动和实践活动的基础,也即人的＂知＂和＂行＂统一的基础。在这个层面上,人通过＂知＂和＂行＂进一步导向人类的价值追求对象——德性和幸福,从而构成了亚里士多德整个伦理学的体系。

Nous is a significant concept in western philosophy.Its initial meaning was the principle of the world which was firstly raised by Anaxagoras.After that,Aristotle applied Nous in Nichomachean Ethics,where he replaced the original meaning of Nous by human＇s unique ability of acquiring know ledge and practicing.Consequently,Nous formed the fountain of human＇s cognitive and practical activities,and subsequently resulted in the unification of know ledge and actions of human.With this unification,human can reach their moral objectives,viz.virtues and happiness.Aristotle is the originator of the Ethics,and all his efforts on the application of Nous constituted the initial system of the Ethics.