重估弗雷格与胡塞尔的反心理主义思想

Reconsider about Frege’s and Husserl’s Critique of Psychologism

弗雷格和胡塞尔是20世纪影响深远的两位重要哲学家,他们各自是分析哲学和现象学传统的开创者。有意思的是,他们都将批判哲学中的心理主义思想作为其哲学工作的重要内容,并由此引发了西方哲学界围绕心理主义与反心理主义的持续争论。研究弗雷格和胡塞尔的反心理主义思想有助于揭示他们在哲学上的相互影响与区别,理清分析哲学与大陆哲学分野的线索。特别是在当代语言哲学、知识论和逻辑学领域中＂自然主义＂复兴的背景下,不少哲学家开始重新审视＂是否有必要反对心理主义＂以及＂弗雷格和胡塞尔是否彻底驳倒了心理主义＂等问题。重估他们的反心理主义思想,将有利于人们更好地理解以心理学为代表的自然科学对于当代哲学在研究主题和方法论上的影响和意义。我们将从逻辑学和语言哲学这两个重要的角度出发,对弗雷格和胡塞尔的反心理主义思想及其在当代的影响进行再评估。

It is very interesting that,Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl,two of the most famous philosophers in 20th century,both spent much of their time on criticizing philosophical psychologism,and therefore,incurred an everlasting debate on the issue.A comparative study on their anti-psychologism is helpful to investigate their mutual influences and differences,as well as the reasons fordivergencebetween analytic and phenomenological philosophy.On the other hand,various kinds of naturalism reappear in contemporary philosophy of language,epistemology and logic.So many philosophers begin to wonder that,whether it is necessary to get rid of philosophical psychologism and whether Frege and Husserl have successfully refuted philosophical psychologism at all? A revaluation of Frege’s and Husserl’s critique of pyschologism would help us to understand the development of philosophy in 20th century more accurately,and think more thoroughly about the significance of psychologism,the natural science’s influence for philosophical methodology and its subject matter.