美国灾害社会科学研究的人文地理学传统——以科罗拉多大学自然灾害中心的体制化为个案

The Human Geographical Tradition of American Social Science Research on Hazard——The Case of Institutionalization of Natural Hazards Center at Colorado University-Boulder

美国灾害社会科学研究经过半个多世纪的发展,形成了社会学和人文地理学两大传统。本论文通过文献调研、人物访谈和非参与观察等方法,对人文地理学传统的典型机构科罗拉多大学自然灾害中心做了个案研究。透过＂人类生态学＂理念分析出了灾害研究的实用主义哲学底色。基于价值观念、制度安排、组织设计、物质基础等＂体制化＂维度,细致梳理了自然灾害中心的奠基、使命、演化及影响。最后,从后常规科学观的视角批判性地审视了美国灾害社会科学研究这一领域。

After the development over the past five decades,two main research traditions have shaped in the American Social Science Research on Hazard：the sociological tradition and the human geographical one.Based on the methods of literature review,personal interview,and non-participant observation,this paper investigates the Natural Hazards Center at Colorado University-Boulder,a typical and leading institution of the human geographical tradition.Firstly,the notion of human ecology reflects the philosophical background of pragmatism in American hazard research.Secondly,four dimensions of institutionalization studies,that is,shared value,institutional arrangement,organizational design and physical basis,apply to the systematic analysis of Natural Hazards Center,including its establishment,mission,evolution and impact.Finally,it critically examines the research field of American social science research on hazard,according the perspective of ＇Post-normal Science＇.