全球创新网络的特征、类型与启示

The Characteristics,Types and Implications of Global Innovation Network

在新技术革命和经济全球化、知识全球化迅速发展、信息技术与产业加速融合等时代背景下,全球生产网络逐渐演变形成全球创新网络。全球创新网络已经成为一个国家、区域、企业乃至个体解决知识资源分布非均衡难题,以及满足创新过程中所需隐性与显性知识的重要途径。文章基于相关文献及实践,对全球创新网络概念的内涵与外延进行了界定,归纳了全球创新网络的四大主要特征,即权利非对称、治理结构多样、知识分享以及价值实现。同时,根据网络构建主体的差异性,将全球创新网络划分为国际组织、产业组织、平台组织以及群体组织创新网络四类,分析了不同类型创新网络的内涵、构成与作用。最后,提出全球创新网络发展背景下我国企业创新的若干启示,包括从商品全球化向创新全球化战略转变、从聚焦经营效率能力向构建适应全球竞争的网络创新能力转变,从简单引进创新向多样化创新策略转变。

In the context of the new technological revolution, rapidly developing economic and knowledge globalization, and highly developed industrial information technology, Global Production Network（GPN） has been gradually evolving into Global Innovation Network（GIN）. GIN can not only help solve the problem of unbalanced distribution of knowledge resources, but also provide tacit and explicit knowledge needed in innovation process for a country, a region, a company, or even an individual. Based on related research and practices at GIN, the article defines it’s connotation and denotation, and concludes it’s four major characteristics, which are asymmetrical rights, diversified governance structures, knowledge sharing, and value realization. Meanwhile, according to the main body’s differences, GIN can be divided into four types： international organization GIN, industrial organization GIN, platform organization GIN, and group organization GIN. Finally, some strategic suggestions for Chinese enterprise’ innovation are proposed, such as shifting from commodity globalization strategy to innovation globalization strategy, shifting from operating efficiency improvement focus to network innovation ability construction which adapt with global competition, and shifting from simple introducing innovation strategy to diversify innovation strategy.