家庭作坊式皮革业职业卫生现状调查

A survey of occupational health status in family workshops leather industry in Luzhou,China

目的:了解家庭作坊式皮革业劳动者职业卫生现状,为家庭作坊式皮革业的职业病防治管理提供科学依据。方法:采用现况调查的方法对泸州地区家庭作坊式皮革业职业卫生现状进行调查。结果:本次调查共涉及61户家庭作坊,87个调查个体。皮革业劳动者91.95%每日工作时间超过8 h,93.10%每周工作7 d;20.70%从未使用过防护用品,54.02%使用的个人防护用品是纱布口罩,仅有3.45%定期进行职业体检。家庭作坊式皮革业作坊平均面积为(16.39±10.53)m2,小于20 m2的占70.49%;59.02%作坊采用的局部通风排毒措施是风扇;使用2种以上防护用品的作坊占9.84%;仅有1户(1.64%)作坊对其劳动者进行了职业卫生知识培训;3.28%作坊有相关单位对其进行有害物质检测;8.20%作坊有相关单位对其进行职业卫生监督。作坊现场苯的平均浓度为(1.15±2.39)mg/m3;读值超过国家安全标准时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)6 mg/m3有4户,超标率为5.58%;超过国家安全标准短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEC)10 mg/m3的有1户,超标率为1.64%。结论:家庭作坊式规模小,以家庭为单位;作坊防护设施简陋、效果差,防护用品使用及体检情况不理想,存在苯超标现象;企业及到职业卫生相关单位的职业卫生服务不到位。

Objective：To investigate the occupational health status in family workshops leather industry,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in family workshops leather industry.Methods：A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the occupational health status in family workshops leather industry in Luzhou,China.Results：A total of 61 family workshops and 87 workers were involved in this study.Of these workers,91.95%worked more than 8 hours a day,and 93.10%worked 7 days a week;20.70%of workers never used protective equipment,and 54.02%used gauze mask as the personal protective equipment;only 3.45%of workers took regular occupational health examination.The mean area of family workshops was 16.39±10.53the workshops with an area less than 20for 70.49%;in 59.02%of family workshops,a fan was used as the local exhaust ventilation detoxification facility;two or more protective facilities were used in9.84%of family workshops;in only one family workshop（1.64%）,the workers had taken occupational health knowledge training;3.28%of family workshops had a test certificate of hazardous substances issued by related departments;8.20%of family workshops were under occupational health supervision by related department.The mean concentration of benzene in the workshops was 1.15±2.39reading exceeded the permissible concentration-time weighted average（6in four family workshops（5.58%）;and in only one family workshop（1.64%）,the reading exceeded the permissible concentration-short-term exposure concentration（10.Conclusion：Family workshop is small in scale and family-based.In family workshops,the protective facilities are simple with a poor effect and the use of protective equipments and the physical examination are not satisfactory.The exposure to benzene exceeds the permissible concentration and the occupational health services of enterprises and related departments are not satisfactory.