中国儒学对日本江户时代“孝”思想的影响

The Influence of Chinese Confucianism on the Thought of Filial Piety in the Edo Period of Japan

古代日本最初没有关于"孝"的概念。在吸收中国文化特别是中国儒学的过程中,日本发展出了自己的"孝"思想。尤其是在日本儒学发展进入到高峰的江户时代,日本儒学诸派系发展出了诸多独具特色的"孝"思想,历经了从朱子学派的"仁体孝用"到阳明学派的"至孝"再到后期水户学的"忠孝合一"的变化。在中国儒学"孝"思想的基础上,日本透过神道和神皇思想,实现了"孝"思想的本土化,进而对日本民族的伦理道德和社会架构产生了深远影响。无论是近代的日本军国主义抑或现代日本社会的价值体系,均可从江户时代的"孝"思想中找到源头。

There was no concept of filial piety in ancient Japan. In the process of absorbing Chinese culture,particularly Chinese Confucianism, Japan developed its unique idea of filial piety. Especially when the Japanese Confucianism came to a climax in the Edo Period, the Japanese Confucianism formed many types of distinct ＂filial piety＂, such as fundamental benevolence by Zhuism, filial piety priority by Yangmingism, and integration of benevolence and filial piety by Mitogaku. This transformation reflects the localization of ＂filial piety＂ in Japan,which is based on Chinese Confucism about ＂filial piety＂ and influenced by Japanese Shinto and Shinkoku ideology. Therefore, the localization of the ideas of ＂filial piety＂ in Japan finally finished. Afterwards, it produced profound influence on social ethics and structure. Not only the militarism but also the value system of modern Japanese society can be found in the ＂filial piety＂ thought of the edo period.