圈养雄性林麝泌香规律及其与繁殖力的关系研究

Studies on the Musk-secretion Ratio and the Relationships to the Reproduction Performance in Captive Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii)

在2012~2013年间,通过对四川马尔康麝场圈养雄性林麝麝香分泌及其繁育等有关数据进行了统计分析,探究了圈养雄性林麝泌香规律及其与繁殖力的关系。结果表明:马尔康麝场配种雄麝总体取香率为86.7%(n=45),年龄对泌香率有显著效应(P<0.001),亚成体组泌香率(100%)高于成体组(88.9%)和老龄组(71.4%)。线性模型y=120.408-6.122 5a(R2=0.471,P=0.089)可近似模拟雄麝泌香率与年龄的关系,19~20岁龄个体趋于停止泌香(泌香率接近0值)。未泌香雄麝所配雌麝的配怀率[(80.00±4.615)%,n=6]与泌香雄麝所配雌麝的配怀率[(74.74±3.846)%,n=39]无显著差异(P>0.05);未泌香雄麝配种雌麝的产仔数(5.67±0.558,n=6)显著低于泌香雄麝配种雌麝(7.15±0.416,n=39)(配种雌麝4头~6头)(P=0.05),未泌香雄麝配种雌麝的胎仔数(1.48±0.064,n=6)和双胎率(47.50±6.437)%均极显著低于泌香雄麝配种雌麝[1.77±0.038,n=37;(70.36±3.049)%](P<0.01)。此外,未泌香雄麝配种雌麝所产仔麝的早期死亡率(5.56±5.556%)略低于泌香雄麝配种雌麝所产仔麝(12.65±3.036)%(P>0.05),但泌香雄麝配种雌麝所产仔麝的存活率(74.10±2.946)%略高于未泌香雄麝配种雌麝所产仔麝(69.86±8.548)%(P>0.05)。

During March to October 2012,data of musk production and individual identification of 45 captive male forest musk deer（Moschus berezovskii） were collected at Maerkang Musk Deer Farm（MMDF） in southwestern China,and the musk-secretion ratio（MSR） and the potential influencing variables were analyzed. The results showed that,the general MSR of captive male musk deer was 86.7%and the MSR of sub-adults（100%） was higher than those of adults（88.9%）and the old ones（71.4%）. The lineal model y=120.408-6.122 5 a（R2=0.471,P=0.089） fitted the relationships between the males’ age and their MSR,on which,the MSR of captive males with the age of 19~20 years is inclined to be zero. The pregnancy ratio of females mated by the males without musk-secretion（MWO）（80.00±4.615）%was higher than those of females mated by the males with musk-secretion（MW）（74.74±3.846）%,but the difference was insignificant（P 〉 0.05）. Moreover,in enclosure population,the new-born deer fawned by the females mated by the MWO（5.67±0.558,n=6） was significant less than those of females mated by MW（7.15±0.416,n=39）（the number of mating females： 4-6）（P=0.05）,and the litter size and twin-ratio of the former[litter size： 1.48±0.064;twin-ratio：（47.50±6.437）%]was highly significant less than those of latter[litter size： 1.77±0.038;twin-ratio：（70.36±3.049）%]（P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore,the early death ratio of the fawns born by the females mated with MWO（5.56±5.556）% insignificantly lower than those of the fawns born by the females mated with MW（12.65±3.036）%（P 〉 0.05）,but the general weaning-survival ratio of the later（74.10±2.946） %was higher than those of the former（69.86±8.548）%（P 〉 0.05）.