微视野计下黄斑疾病低视力康复训练研究进展

Research advances in low-vision rehabilitation by means of microperimeter biofeedback examination in patients with different macular diseases

黄斑疾病随着中心暗点发展,可引起中心视力丧失、阅读速度及固视稳定性下降。目前,退行性黄斑疾病的预防和治疗仍无令人满意的效果,多项研究证实生物反馈治疗对视觉康复的有效性。微视野计利用黄斑疾病患者对中心暗点的大脑皮质可塑性和神经感觉适应可提高视功能,并为更新、更易管理的视觉辅助治疗奠定基础。本文从微视野计对黄斑疾病中心暗点的研究、视觉皮质可塑性、微视野计下低视力康复训练机制及临床研究几个方面进行综述。

In macular diseases,there is a typical development of a central scotoma which is responsible for the central visual acuity loss,reading speed reduction and changing in fixation stability. The prevention and treatment of degenerative macular disease have not yet received satisfying functional results. Effectiveness of biofeedback treatment in visual rehabilitation has been evidenced in several studies. The microperimeter can improve their visual abilities and lay the basis for new,more manageable visual aids by using cerebral plasticity and neurosensorial adaptation to the central scotoma of patients with macular diseases. The purpose of this reviewis to summarize key findings on characteristics of central scotoma,the plasticity of human visual system and visual rehabilitation via microperimetry.