阻尼车轮减振参量的有限元仿真与优化设计

Finite Element Simulation and Optimization Design of the Parameters of Vibration Reduction for Damped Wheels

为有效抑制车轮振动噪声,弥补现场试验的不足,在对黏弹性阻尼材料阻尼机理研究的基础上,以S1002CN型面高速动车组车轮为分析对象,采用正交试验设计和ABAQUS有限元仿真计算相结合的方法,对阻尼车轮减振性能进行仿真优化设计,得出阻尼车轮3个主要参数对其踏面径向振动加速度影响的主次顺序和显著性,并能快速确定阻尼车轮结构参数的最优组合为:阻尼层厚度4 mm、约束层厚度1.5 mm、约束阻尼层敷设于车轮两侧。研究结果表明,黏弹性约束阻尼技术是抑制车轮高频振动的有效手段,对于黏弹性阻尼材料在低噪声车轮中的运用具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。

In order to effectively suppress wheel vibration noise and make up for the deficiencies of field tests, the vibration reduction performance and optimal design of damped wheels are studied. Based on the damping mechanism of viscoelastic damping materials, this study takes the damped S1002 CN high-speed EMU wheels as the object. The finite element model of the damped wheels is established and simulated by means of ABAQUS software. Combining the results of simulation with the orthogonal design, the sequence and significance of the three main structural parameters of the damped wheels influencing the radical vibration acceleration reduction rate of the wheel tread are analyzed. On this basis, the optimal combination of these parameters can be determined quickly as follows： 4 mm damping layer thickness, 1.5 mm constraint layer thickness and attaching the constraint damping layers on both sides of the wheel. The research suggests that the viscoelastic constrained damping technology is an effective measure to restrain wheel high-frequency vibration, which may have great theoretical and practical values for the application of viscoelastic damping materials to low noise wheels.