不同比例大黑山薏苡草粉饲粮对生长肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响

Effects of Diets with Different Proportions of Coix lacryma-jobi cv. Daheishan Meal on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Slaughter Performance of Growing Meat Rabbits

本试验旨在评估大黑山薏苡草粉替代饲粮中不同比例苜蓿草粉对生长肉兔生长性能、健康状况、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响。选取150只体重相近的35日龄断奶纯种新西兰白兔用于如下2项试验:将体重为(1.00±0.09)kg的100只试验兔随机分为5组(每组10个重复,每个重复2只),进行28 d的饲养试验;将体重为(1.12±0.05)kg的50只试验兔随机分为5组(每组10个重复,每个重复1只),进行11 d消化试验(其中样品收集期为4 d)。2项试验中的5组试验兔均随机饲喂5种等能、等氮、等纤维的试验饲粮,包括1种对照饲粮(含16%的苜蓿草粉,C组)及4种以大黑山薏苡草粉替代对照饲粮中25%(S25组)、50%(S50组)、75%(S75组)和100%(S100组)苜蓿草粉的测试饲粮。结果显示:1)各时期各组间平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05),但全期ADG和F/G以S50组较优。全期的发病率、死亡率和健康风险指数,以及试验结束时的热胴体重、商业胴体重、参考胴体重、商业屠宰率和滴水损失各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),但S50组的多数指标在数值上要高于C组。2)大黑山薏苡草粉替代饲粮中不同比例的苜蓿草粉对饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)的表观消化率有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),4个测试组(S25、S50、S75和S100组)所有养分表观消化率[除S100组EE表观消化率低于和4个测试组粗纤维(CF)表观消化率相当外]均不同程度地高于C组,尤其是S50组。由此可见,在本试验条件下,大黑山薏苡草粉可完全替代商品兔饲粮中的苜蓿草粉,但以50%比例替代为佳。

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of Coix lacryma - jobi cv. Daheishan meal substituted for alfalfa meal on growth performance, health status, apparent nutrient digestibility and slaughter performance of growing meat rabbits. A total of 150 weaned New Zealand white rabbits, aged 35 days with similar body weight, were assigned to a 28-day feeding experiment and a 11-day digestion experiment. For feeding experiment, one hundred experimental rabbits with the body weight of （1.00± 0.09） kg were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 10 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate. For digestion experiment, fifty experimental rabbits with the body weight of （1.12±0.05） kg were allocated to 5 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 rabbit per replicate. In the digestion experiment, the sampling period was 4 days. Experimental rabbits in the 5 groups of feeding experiment or digestion experiment were fed five isoenergetic, isonitrogenous and isofibrous diets including one control diet （contaning 16% alfalfa meal, group C） and four test diets which used Coix lacryma - jobi cv. Daheishan meal to replace 25% （group S25）, 50% （group S50）, 75% （group S75） and 100% （group S100） alfalfa meal in the control diet, respectively. The results showed as follows： 1） there were no significant differences in average daily feed intake （ADFI）, average daily gain （ADG） and feed/gain （F/G） in each period among groups （ P 〉0.05）, but the ADG and F/G in group S50 were better. The morbidity, mortality, health risk index in the whole period, and hot carcass weight, commercial carcass weight, reference carcass weight, commercial slaughter rate and drip loss percentage at the end of the test had no significant differences among groups （ P 〉0.05）, but the numerical value of most indicators in group S50 were higher than those in group C. 2） Different proportions of Coix lacryma - jobi cv. Daheishan meal substituted for alfalfa meal had significant effects on the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus （ P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. All nutrient apparent digestibility （except ether extract apparent digestibility lower and crude fibre apparent digestibility similar） in the 4 test groups （groups S25, S50, S75 and S100） were higher than those in group C, especially group S50. According to above results, dietary alfalfa meal of commercial rabbits can be totally replaced by Coix lacryma - jobi cv. Daheishan meal, and 50% is the best replacing proportion in this study.