文官控制原则的起源

The Origin of Civilian Control Principle

文官控制原则在古罗马时期的政治思想家西塞罗的政治理论中已初具雏形。但与现代军政关系理论有所不同的是,作为古典时代的思想家,西塞罗首先运用亚里士多德及波利比乌斯等人关于混合政体为最优政体的学说论证古罗马共和政体为最优政体。并以这一学说为基础,构建责任理论,提出文官在国家中的地位高于武官,要求作为军人的古罗马公民无条件忠于古罗马共和制的代表——元老院。但古代特有的城邦制度小国寡民的特点使文官控制原则在古代无法成功构建。

Principle of the civilian control over the military originated in Cicero ＇ s thought,different with modern civil-military relations theory. As classical thinker, Cicero used to pluralistic polity to demonstration republic of Rome was optimal polity,based on this conclusion.Cicero had structured theory of liberty,including three facet：civil superior to military in Rome political,military was forbid to involve struggle of party,citizen of Rome should be loyal curia,which represents republic of Rome.But polis polity by cisero cannot result in Civilian Control in Ancient World.