近代华北非铁路沿线集镇的兴衰——兼及其对乡村社会变迁的影响(1881～1937)

The Rise and Fall of the Non-railways Towns in Modern North China and Its Impact on Rural Social Changes(1881-1937)

依据与铁路运输之间关系的有无及其大小,可将华北集镇分为铁路沿线集镇和非铁路沿线集镇.随着铁路运输的兴起和发展,石家庄、唐山、焦作、秦皇岛、驻马店、漯河、泊头、张店等一批具有代表性的铁路沿线集镇迅速发展,而除龙口、兴隆等少数集镇外,大多数具有代表性的非铁路沿线集镇在1937年之前却呈现不同程度的衰退之势,并对周边乡村社会变迁产生影响,铁路则为重要致因之一.这表明,在利用交通因素推动区域社会变迁时,必须充分发挥铁路、公路、高速公路、高速铁路、水运等不同交通方式的特点,形成布局和层次结构合理的交通体系,从而推动区域社会协调有序发展,避免再走一个地区的发展以另一个地区的衰退的路.

According to the relationship and influence by the railway transportation,the towns in North China can be divided into the on-railway towns and non-railway towns. With the rise and development of railway transport, some typical on-railway towns including Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Jiaozuo, Qinhuangdao, Zhumadian,Luohe, Botou, Zhangdian had developed rapidly. While most of the non-railway towns, apart from Longkou, Xinglong and very a few towns, had been through a certain level of recession and had influenced the surrounding rural social changes before 1937, and the railway transportation is one of the important reasons. This shows that in order to promote the regional social change,we should take different modes of transportation into consideration, included railway, road, highway, high-speed railway, water transport and other modes of transportation. And then a reasonable traffic system could be shaped to promote regional social coordinative development, and to avoid the old mode of development in one town at the expense of recession in another town.