浅谈色拉叙马霍斯的正义观——基于柏拉图《理想国》第一卷

Concerning the Justice View Proposed by Thrasymachus:Based on Plato’s Republic,Volume Ⅰ

＂正义＂是古希腊伦理学和政治学的重要概念。经历了苏格拉底之死,柏拉图需要面对智者的新正义观,即《理想国》第一卷中色拉叙马霍斯的＂正义是强者的利益＂。柏拉图借苏格拉底之口不断追问,并从中发现了色拉叙马霍斯的内在矛盾：正义的人总吃亏。这种矛盾不仅是雅典现实,更是新、旧伦理观之间的冲突：＂正义＂究竟能否为人带来幸福？对这个问题的回答,成为《理想国》之后的正义城邦与灵魂学说的先声。

Justice is a significant concept in Greek ethics and politics.With the Death of Socrates,Plato was required to confront the New Justice proposedby Sophists,Thrasymachus with his＂the just is the advantage of the stronger＂.Through Socrates＇ mouth,Plato continuously challenged and discovered the inherent contradiction within Thrasymachus＇ argument：the people of justice always suffer losses.Such contradiction isn＇t only demonstrated by Greek reality,but also between new and traditional ethics.Would the Justice bring people happiness？ To answer this question becomes the harbinger of the Just Polis-Soul Theory in the following volumes of Republic.