上海工部局早期市政权的建立与扩展(1854～1863)

From Being Governed to Autonomy: The Establishment Municipality of Shanghai Municipal Council(1854-1863)

1853年上海小刀会起义和太平天国运动使大量华人难民涌入英租界，而外侨居民或破产或攫取暴利，上海华洋分治格局解体。翌年，英租界成立工部局行使警权，以保障英租界侨民既得财产和人身安全。随着租界华人膨胀，上海工部局积极推进自身行政机构改革，提高市政管理的效率和专业化 ，以获取外侨社会的支持；其财政目标重点也从行使警权转向租界基础建设，将华人纳入外侨市政规划，树立在华民中的市政权威。上海工部局与英国公使在租界华人管理权上的争执，也促使工部局加快巩固市政自治权。在多重因素的相互作用下，上海工部局最终结束了简易、松散的组织局面，凝聚了外侨，治理了华民，确立了强有力的市政自治地位。

In 1853,Shanghai Small Sword Uprising and Taiping Rebels made a large numbers of Chinese refuges inflexed into the British Settlement. However,the foreigners in Shanghai was bankrupt or get huge profits,meanwhile,the pattern of Chinese and foreign resident’s disintegration had split. In 1854,Shanghai Municipal Council had set up in the British Settlement to protect the safety of for-eign residents and their vested property,with the Chinese residents rapidly inflexed,the Council made efforts to reform the administrative organization to achieve professional management,that it could get the support of foreign people.The Council also focused the Council finance expenditure on infrastructure construction from organized police force,that the Council won the support of Chinese refuges and included Chinese refuges in Municipality planning,and established the Council authority in Chinese refuges. The dispute between Shanghai Municipal Council and British Embassy in Beijing of the Chinese refuged management power,and prompted the Council to speed up the consolidation of municipal autonomy. In the interaction of multiple factors,Shanghai Municipal Council ended of the simple,loose organization and achieved the municipal transformation from being governed to autonomy.