基于景观生态风险格局的盐碱地分区规划防治研究——以黑龙江省林甸县为例

Regionalization planning for prevention and control of saline-alkali land based on a landscape ecology risk pattern theory: A case study in Lindian County,Heilongjiang Province

盐碱地分区规划防治是提高区域盐碱综合治理效果,降低治理成本的有效途径,对实现区域生态恢复、土地可持续利用和保障粮食安全具有重要实践价值。当前,在区域景观生态风险分析基础上,进行盐碱地规划防治研究的研究尚显不足。以大庆市林甸县为研究区,以景观生态学理论为视角,基于RS和GIS技术平台,综合运用最小累积阻力模型和空间分析方法,分析了生态流和生态阻力面,构建了区域景观生态风险格局;结合关键景观与盐碱地的生态廊道分析等方法,确定盐碱地防治分区;并进一步确定了防治分区中的核心防治区域。结果表明:林甸县盐碱地面积为263 km^2,其景观生态风险格局呈现西部和南部的景观生态风险等级较高,东北部、中部和西南部较低的特征,其中,高危区、重度危险区占地区总面积41.24%,集中分布在地区下游的沼泽湿地周围,说明保护沼泽湿地迫在眉睫。林甸县的两条土地盐碱化防治景观生态廊道是以最低防治成本实现土地盐碱化预防和治理的最佳区域,其主要分布在15个村(镇)上,未来应将此地区作为规划防治的核心。基于景观生态风险格局的盐碱地分区规划防治研究,为大尺度土地盐碱化综合防治提供了新的思路和方法,研究结果对林甸县未来开展土地盐碱化预防和治理提供了科学依据。

The prevention and control of saline-alkali land is an effective way to improve the comprehensive treatment of saline-alkali land and reduce the cost of treatment for such regions. It is also an important way to ensure regional ecological restoration, sustainable land use, and food security. At present, studies on the prevention and control of saline-alkali land based on the analysis of regional landscape ecological risk are not sufficient. By considering the perspective of the theory of landscape ecology, this case study aimed to analyze the ecological flow and surface resistance in Lindian County located in Heilongjiang Province by using the minimum cumulative resistance and spatial analysis based on the remote sensing and geographic information system technology. A landscape ecology risk pattern was developed to determine the zones of prevention and control of saline-alkali land by using the ecology corridor analysis method considering the key landscape and saline-alkali land, and the core areas for the prevention and control plan of saline-alkali land were determined. The results showed that the area of saline-alkali land in Lindian was 263 km2 and was characterized by higher landscape ecological risk in the west and south, whereas lower risk in the northeast, central, and southwest regions. The area proportion of the high and severe risk zones was 41.24% and was intensively distributed in the downstream region surrounding the marshes, indicating that the protection of marshes is very urgent. Two landscape and ecology corridors that were considered to be the best regions of realizing the prevention and control of saline-alkali land at the lowest cost were mainly distributed in 15 villages （towns） ; these regions should be considered the core of prevention and control plan in the future. Our findings based on the landscape ecological risk pattern can provide a novel strategy and method for the prevention and control of saline-alkali land at the large scale and could form a scientific basis for the prevention and control of saline-alkali land in Lindian in the future.