论德法兼备的社会主义生态治理观

The View of Socialist Ecological Governance Integrated with Morality and Law

面对日益全球化发展趋势的生态危机,形成了以生态中心论为基础的"深绿"思潮和以现代人类中心为基础的"浅绿"思潮,他们分别提出了单纯德治主义和技术主义的生态治理方案。他们的生态治理方案对于缓解全球生态危机具有一定的积极作用,但是由于其理论立场的西方中心主义和其理论的抽象性,无法从根本上解决生态危机,并由此形成了要求解决不同国家、不同地区和不同人群在生态资源占有、使用、分配利益矛盾的"环境正义"运动。习近平继承和发展马克思主义关于人与自然关系的理论,通过实现对中国传统文化中生态智慧的创造性转换,形成了以"生命共同体"和"人类命运共同体"理念为基础的生态文明理论,提出了通过制定严格的环境制度和在全社会树立生态文化价值观的"德法兼备"的社会主义生态治理观。这一生态治理观的特点是以实现环境正义为价值追求,通过科技创新为主导的尊崇自然的生态文明发展道路来解决生态危机,不仅克服了"深绿"和"浅绿"思潮生态治理观的各自片面性和局限性,而且使其生态文明理论具有发展观和境界论内在统一的鲜明特色,对于实现当代生态治理具有重要的指导意义。

Faced with the ecological crisis in the developing trend of growing globalization, the ＂dark-green＂ ideological trend based on ecocentrism and the ＂ light-green ＂ ideological trend based on modern anthropocentrism have been formed in the academia, which have put forward their ecological governance plans characterized respectively with pure moral rules and technicism. Their plans for ecological governance will exert a certain positive influence on easing the global ecological crisis. However, it cannot fundamentally resolve the ecological crisis because of its Occidentalist theoretical position and abstractness in theory. Therefore, the environmental justice movement has been formed to require solving the conflicts in the possession and use of ecological resources, and in the distribution of interests between different countries, areas and groups of people. President Xi Jinping has inherited and developed Marxist theories on the relationship between the human and nature, and by realizing the creative transformation of ecological wisdom in traditional Chinese culture, has formed an ecological civilization theory based on the view of ＂a community of shared life＂ and ＂a community with a shared future for humanity＂, and put forward the view of socialist ecological governance ＂ integrated with morality and law ＂ through the establishment of a strict environmental system and the ecological and cultural values in the whole society. The characteristics of the view of ecological governance is to regard the realization of environmental justice as its value pursuit, and to adhere to the innovation-oriented technology and the respect for nature to achieve ecological civilization and solve the ecological crisis. Xi＇ s view has not only overcome the one-sidedness and limitation of the ＂dark-green＂ and ＂light-green＂ ideological trends, but also manifested the inner unification of the development view and the realm theory, which has an important guiding significance over the realization of contemporary ecological governance.