妈祖信仰传入日本路径研究

Study on the Spreading Path of Mazu Belief into Japan

从历史上来看,妈祖信仰传入日本并在日本进一步传播受到以中国为核心的东亚朝贡秩序的重要影响,其随着中日贸易的发展先由中国传播到西日本九州岛,然后再进一步传播到东日本地区。落海妈祖像漂至,倭寇掠夺妈祖像至日本供奉,华商、华僧与难民的带入以及日本信徒自发传播是妈祖信仰东传日本的主要途径。循此途径,平户、五岛地区和萨摩地区以及长崎地区成为日本妈祖信仰的重要传承地。妈祖信仰在日本传播的路径体现了中、日之间的政治、经济互动,还揭示了文化层面的融通,对于当今的区域联通理念及战略具有启发意义。

From a historical point of view,Mazu Belief was introduced into Japan in the context of the East Asian conferment and tribute system centering on China.This paper aims at the spreading path of Mazu Belief in such a system and finds that the route of spreading is from Kyushu Island of Western Japan to Eastern Japan.There are four ways for spreading as Mazu statue drifting or plundered by the Japanese pirates to Japan,along with Chinese merchants,monks and refugees and the spontaneous contribution of Japanese worshippers as well.As a result,the area of Hirado,Goto Island,Satsuma and Nagasaki had become the most important transmission source of Mazu Belief in Japan.In a word,the spreading path reflects the historical interaction of Sino-Japan from the economic,political as well as the cultural perspectives,which highlights the idea of regional connectivity nowadays.