自体牙骨粉与异种牛骨粉修复牙槽骨缺损的对比研究

Comparative study of processed autogenous tooth bone and xenogeneic bovine bone in repairing an alveolar bone defect

目的对比拔牙后牙槽窝内填塞自体牙骨粉与异种牛骨粉的成骨效果,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法全身麻醉下拔除12只雄性大白兔双侧上颌中切牙,随机分为3组,每组4只。每组动物中有3只为实验组,1只为空白对照组。实验组中选择动物的左侧中切牙牙槽窝植入异种牛骨粉,右侧中切牙牙槽窝中植入自体牙骨粉;空白对照组只拔除牙齿,不植入任何骨粉。4、8、12周后分别处死3组实验动物,通过免疫荧光染色观察新生骨组织矿化程度,通过组织学观察新生骨形成情况。结果术后4、8、12周,自体牙骨粉组的矿化沉积率均大于异种牛骨粉组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);异种牛骨粉组的骨小梁较自体牙骨粉组稀疏、纤细,编织骨较多,板层骨较少,骨增量少于自体牙骨粉组。结论作为骨移植材料,自体牙骨粉较异种牛骨粉在成骨方面更具有优势。

Objective This study was conducted to counter the osteogenesis effects of processed autogenous tooth bone and xenogeneic bovine bone following tooth extraction and to provide an experimental basis for clinical applications. Methods Central incisors were extracted with general anesthesia on both sides of a maxillary arch in 12 rabbits, which were randomly divided into three groups, thereby containing four rabbits in each group. Three rabbits were assigned to the experimental groups and one was for the control group. In the experimental groups, the xenogeneic bovine bone was applied to the left incisor socket, whereas the processed autogenous tooth bone was applied to the right incisor socket. The blank control group only extracted the teeth and did not implant any bone powder. The three groups died after 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. A mineralization degree of new bone tissues was observed by fluorescence staining and the formation of a new bone was observed by histology. Results The sedimentary mineralization rate was greater in the processed autogenous tooth bone than in the xenogeneic bovine bone（P0.05）. The trabecular bone of the xenogeneic bovine bone was sparse and slender. The left sockets, which were filled with the xenogeneic bovine bone, had more woven and less lamellar bones than the right sockets, which were filled with the processed autogenous tooth bone. Conclusion The processed autogenous tooth bone offers more advantages as a bone-grafting material than the xenogeneic bovine bone in terms of bone increment.