我国无海外研发中心的企业反向创新典型模式研究

Ideal Modes of Reverse Innovation for Chinese Enterprises without Overseas R&D Centers

越来越多的企业实践发现,反向创新已经成为我国企业国际化的一种形式。本文从创新战略和首次商业化国别两个维度提出了一个分析框架,进而识别了三种反向创新典型模式:基于转移技术的反向创新,基于原始技术的反向创新和基于领先的原始技术的反向创新,并通过众合、纳微和攀业三个案例对三种模式进行了验证。此外,研究还指出对于成熟技术来说,基于转移技术的反向创新是企业实施反向创新较好的模式;而对于新兴技术和新兴市场来说,基于原始技术的反向创新和基于领先的原始技术的反向创新则是企业实施反向创新时较合适的模式。同时,研究表明任何反向创新模式中,企业的技术吸收能力、研发能力以及技术先进性发挥重要影响作用。

More and more enterprises have conducted reverse innovation as one type of globalization. Focusing on the enterprises without overseas R＆D centers, this paper proposes a framework from the aspects of the innovation strategy and the primary location of commercialization to identify three ideal modes of reverse innovation, namely reverse innovation based on transferred technology, reverse innovation based on original technology, and reverse innovation based on leading original technology. To test these three modes, three Chinese enterprises without overseas R＆D center, namely UNITTEC, Nano-Micro, Pearl Hydrogen are analyzed in detail. This paper also illustrates that for mature technologies, the mode of reverse innovation based on transferred technology is the proper way for enterprises, while for emerging technologies, the mode of reverse innovation based on original technology is preferred. Moreover, learning capabilities, absorptive capabilities and technological advance are very important factors in these modes.