2016年珠海拱北口岸传染病监测结果及风险分析

Surveillance and risk analysis of the infectious diseases at Gongbei port,Zhuhai,2016

目的了解经珠海拱北口岸入境的人群传染病的检出率和发展趋势,进行相关风险分析,为制定有效的传染病防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2016年拱北口岸的入境旅客通过体温监测、医学巡查和主动申报等手段,发现可疑传染病3 631例,采集咽拭子、全血、尿液、肛拭子等样本3 500份,送珠海国际旅行卫生保健中心进行呼吸道、消化道和蚊媒传染病病原体检测,阳性者作为检出病例进行统计分析。收集2015—2016年世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的疫情通报、国家质检总局发布的警示通报和防控指导方案,以及澳门地区强制性疾病申报情况,评估拱北口岸的传染病输入风险。结果 2016年拱北口岸检疫发现确诊传染病病例864例,其中法定传染病841例(97.34%),口岸重点监测传染病833例(96.41%),检出最多的传染病为流行性感冒;输入地多为中国大陆(69.79%)和澳门地区(18.86%)。WHO疫情通报及国家质检总局警示通报显示,传染病高发地区分布在亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲,而澳门和东南亚地区交流密切,使得拱北口岸的传染病输入风险较大。结论要高度关注东南亚地区的入境旅客的检疫查验,针对澳门的肠道病毒感染和流行性感冒进行严密防控。

Objective To understand the detection rate,characteristics and trends of infectious disease among population entry from Zhuhai Gongbei port. To analyze the related risk factors and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods A total of 3 631 cases of suspected infectious diseases were found through temperature monitoring,medical inspection and personal declaration among the entry passengers at Gongbei port,2016. The samples of throat swab,blood,urine,anal swab of 3 500 suspected cases were collected and detected in Zhuhai International Travel Healthcare Center for respiratory,gastrointestinal and mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The persons whose sample was detected positive were regarded as cases,and the positive rate was analyzed.The information about infectious diseases on World Health Organization（WHO） official website,epidemic notifications and guidance program released by Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine（AQSIQ）,mandatory diseases reported by Macao Health Bureau in the last two years were obtained and used to evaluate the risk of infectious diseases imported from Gongbei port. Results A total of 864 cases had been detected at Gongbei port,2016. Among them,841 cases（97.34%） were notifiable infectious diseases,833 cases（96.41%） were the surveillance disease at ports. Influenza was the major disease detected at Gongbei port,the cases entryed from China's Mainland（69.79%） and Macao（18.86%）. The epidemic information on WHO and AQSIQ official website showed that Asia,Africa and Latin America had high incidence of infecti ous diseases. The closed contact between Macao and Southeast Asia led to the higher risk of imported infectious diseases from Gongbei port. Conclusion Greater attentions should be paid to quarantine and inspection of passengers came from Southeast Asia,and the intestinal virus infections and influenza from Macao.