河南口岸出境人员国际旅行卫生健康知识需求分析

Investigation on the knowledge about international travel health in exit persons at Henan port

目的 为提升出境旅行者预防境外旅行相关疾病的能力,对河南口岸出境人员的旅行卫生健康知识需求进行分析。方法 采用随机抽样方法,选择2016年5月-2017年3月间河南口岸出境人员536名,用自行设计的《国际旅行卫生保健知识调查问卷》进行现场问卷调查,对数据进行统计分析。结果 河南口岸出境人员以男性为主(75.6%),大多数为青壮年,文化程度以大专及本科居多,主要出国目的是劳务输出(52.1%),旅行目的地以亚洲和非洲国家为主,境外旅行时间超过1年的占65.1%。大多数出境者(68.5%)对于国外旅行中可能罹患疾病或者受到意外伤害的风险认知程度较高,62.1%的人担心身体检查不合格而被拒绝入境,84.5%的人希望获得国外防病知识,60.6%出境者表示会随身携带个人防病药剂或医疗器械,而74.6%的人表示需要当地国际旅行卫生保健中心提供专业的防病药剂或医疗器械服务;52.2%的出境者知晓出国预防接种能预防疾病;71.1%的人对于出国旅行可能罹患疾病有心理认知;79.7%表示愿意在归国之后做健康复查。回归分析结果显示,文化程度是国际旅行卫生保健知识需求的独立影响因素,大专及本科学历者对国际旅行卫生保健知识需求度是高中及以下者的2.179倍(95%CI:1.334~3.557)(P<0.05)。结论 应重点在文化程度较低的出境旅行者群体中普及国际旅行卫生保健知识,做好相关健康教育。

Objective In order to improve the ability of outbound travelers to prevent travel related diseases,the travel health knowledge needs of exit international travelers at Henan port were analyzed. Methods Random sampling was used,about 536 exit personnel concerned at Henan port from May 2016 to March 2017 were selected. The field questionnaire survey was conducted with the self-designed international travel health care knowledge questionnaire.The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results The exit personnel from Henan port were predominantly males（75.6%） with mostly young and middle-aged,their educational level was mainly junior college and undergraduate.The main purpose of going abroad was to export labor services（52.1%）,their destinations were mainly Asian and African countries with 65.1% of overseas travel exceeds one year. Most of the exit travelers（68.5%） had a higher level of awareness of the risk of illness or accidental injury while traveling abroad,62.1% of them were worried about being refused entry because of failed physical examination,84.5% of the people wanted to acquire knowledge of prevention disease,60.6% of those people went abroad expressed that they would carry personal drugs or medical equipment with them,however 74.6% of them expressed that they hope to receive professional preventive medicine or medical equipment service from local international travel healthcare center. 52.2% of those people went abroad knew that immunization couold prevent diseases,71.1% of the people understood that travel abroad could lead to various illnesses,79.7% of interviewees expressed their willingness to undergo a health review upon their return. Regression analysis showed that the degree of education was an independent factor influencing the knowledge needs of interna-tional travel healthcare, however the degree of demand for international travel healthcare knowledge among junior college and undergraduate students was 2.179 times higher than that of high school and below（95%CI：1.334-3.557）（P〈 0.05）. Conclusion The education Emphasis should be placed on improving the knowledge of international travel healthcare for less educated travelers,especially on travel health education concerned.