从语用视点看倒装句

Research on Reverted Sentences from Perspective of Pragmatic Point of View

倒装,无论是句法倒装还是语用倒装,大多认为受语境、话题延续性和焦点化等因素的影响,但"句尾焦点"和"句首显著地位"很难两立,倒装句是否人类认知规律的偏离,是否所有倒装句都能如愿地恢复到所谓的正常语序,传统语法似乎解释颇为困难。本文试图从语用视点中的观念视点对倒装语序的制约、知觉视点的起点到终点的运行轨迹以及时空视点的安排几个方面,对部分倒装句语序存在的理据进行语用视点的阐释,揭示倒装语序中认知主体的语用认知规律和语用推理过程。显然,无论正常语序还是倒装结构,无一例外都受到人类认知规律的制约,是人类认知规律、价值观、情感态度等在客观世界中的具体体现。

Inversion,syntactic or pragmatic,as most people think,is affected by such factors as context,continuity of topics and focalization. However,＂focus in the end＂and＂prominence at the beginning＂are somewhat contradictory. Such contradictions as whether the inverted sentences deviate from human＇s cognitive rules,and whether all inverted sentences can be changed back to the so-called normal order,can barely be accounted for in the traditional grammar. This paper,from perspective of pragmatic point of view,aims to account for the motivation of inverted sentences from the limitation of conceptual point of view of pragmatic point of view,the moving trajectory from the beginning to the end of perceptual point of view and the arrangement of spatio-temporal point of view. This paper also intends to show the pragmatic cognitive rules of cognitive subject in the inverted sentences as well as the pragmatic inference process. It is clear that all the order of the sentences,normal or inverted,is in the control of human cognitive rules and is the specific reflection of cognitive rules,values,emotions and so on in the objective world.