圈养马来穿山甲对人工替代食物适应性的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Adaptation of Manis javanica to Artificial Substitute for Food

【目的】探索圈养马来穿山甲(Manis javanica)对人工替代食物的适应性。【方法】以新引入圈养分别编号为81号、82号、85号、93号、94号等5只马来穿山甲为研究对象,在通过第一阶段的单一品种食物即奶粉、白蚁(Termitidae)(活)、白蚁(死)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、蚕蛹粉(Bombyx mori)、红褐蚁(Tetramorium spp.)和黑蚂蚁(Formica fusca)诱食后,与第二阶段随机选取81号和94号个体作为实验组进行阶段性的人工食物的不同搭配喂养,其余个体作为对照组继续饲喂第一阶段的目标食物。【结果】1)马来穿山甲在所有单一品种食物同时出现时,只取食红褐蚁;2)马来穿山甲对人工替代食物的摄食率低于对单一食物红褐蚁的摄食率,发现81号和94号个体体质量都有下降的趋势,但总体上变化不大。【结论】以目标食物红褐蚁进行饲喂能够消除马来穿山甲的应激反应,人工替代食物可维持马来穿山甲的日常生命活动。

[Purposes]To explore the adaptation of Manis javanicato artificial substitute for food.[Methods]Five new M.javanica,whose serial numbers were No.81,No.82,No.85,No.93,and No.94,were fed the following different single food：milk powder,termites（Termitidae）,mealworm（Tenebrio molitor）,powdered silkworm（Bombyx mori）pupae,brown ant（Formica fusca）,and pavement ant（Tetramorium spp.）at the first stage.At the second stage,individuals of both No.81 and No.94 randomly selected as the experimental group were fed artificial food assay with different feeding components,and another three individuals selected as the control group were fed the target food which was selected by M.javanica at the first stage.[Findings]The results showed that：1）M.javanica only fed on pavement ant when it faced different single food;2）The feeding rate of feeding M.javanica artificial food was lower than that of feeding M.javanica pavement ant.Both two pangolins＇ weight had a decreasing trend,although this trend was not significant.[Conclusions]Feeding target food Tetramorium spp.could eliminate the stress reaction of M.javanica,and artificial diet could maintain daily life activities of M.javanica.