高速角接触球轴承保持架稳定性研究进展

Progress of research on cage stability of high-speed angular contact ball bearings

随着中国航空航天和装备制造业的发展,对其中的关键基础零部件滚动轴承的精度、寿命和可靠性提出了更高的要求。高速滚动轴承的动态性能特别是保持架的稳定性问题越来越引起人们的重视,保持架不稳定引起的摩擦力矩波动或保持架断裂是高速滚动轴承主要失效形式之一。本文在课题组已有工作积累和文献资料调研基础上,系统总结了保持架动态特性理论和试验研究进展、保持架稳定性影响因素、稳定性判据和优化准则,分析评述了目前研究中存在的不足,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,比如保持架稳定涡动的机理,乏油润滑状态下接触副的摩擦磨损特性,润滑剂损失、退化引起的润滑参数的变化以及磨损引起的零件几何参数的变化对保持架动态性能的影响。开发高效、可靠的滚动轴承动力学分析软件,并与产品设计、寿命试验相结合提高轴承产品的质量,以适应中国航空工业发展对高性能滚动轴承的需求,已经成为一项迫切的任务。

With the development of the aerospace equipment manufacturing industry in China,higher requirements for accuracy,life and reliability of rolling bearings are put forward.The dynamic performance of high-speed rolling bearings,especially stability of the cage,has attracted more and more attention.Torque fluctuation and cage breakage caused by instability of the cage is one of the major failures of high-speed rolling bearings.In this paper,the dynamic characteristics and experimental research progress of the cage,factors affecting cage stability,stability criteria and optimization criteria of the cage are systematically summarized.The weaknesses of existing studies are discussed,and some orientations for future research are provided,such as the mechanism of stable cage whirl,the friction and wear characteristics of the contact pair under starved conditions,effects of change of lubrication parameters caused by lubricant loss and degradation,and effects of change of geometrical parameters of bearing parts caused by wear on dynamic performance of the cage.How to develop efficient and reliable software for dynamic analysis of the rolling bearing and how to combine the software with product design and life test have become urgent tasks for manufacturing of high-efficiency rolling bearings.