异曲同工之妙:从“风月”看中国古代戏曲读法

The Consonance of Melodies: A Reading of “Wind and Moon” in Traditional Chinese Xiqu

"风月"在古代戏曲中具有重要地位,古代戏曲中的"风月"并不仅仅是男女之情,而是以"男女之情"言"阴阳之气",以"阴阳之气"隐喻"天人之道",以"天人之道"论帝王政治。"气"或为阴阳,或为男女,或为鬼神,或为名物;"道"或为情,或为义,或为性,或为理。"风月"实为古代戏曲之关锁,唯有读懂古代戏曲之"风月"才能读懂古代戏曲"以气寓道"之本义,进而发现古代戏曲"异曲同工之妙"。

The metaphor of ＂wind and moon＂ plays an important role in traditional Chinese Xiqu. It is not merely a sign of romantic relations between men and women, but is a romantic metaphor to indicate the chi of yin and yang. The chi of yin and yang is in itself a metaphor to indicate the ＂tao of heaven and humanity＂ which is a trope for discourse on politics and monarchs. Chi can be yin or yang, masculine or feminine, or even ghosts and objects. ＂Tao＂ can be qing （feelings）, yi （virtues）, xing （ human nature）, or li （principles）. The metaphor of ＂wind and moon＂ leads to insights into the idea of ＂tao carried on in chi, ＂ an underlying theme in traditional Chinese Xiqu, and to the ＂sweet consonance of all different melodies. ＂