国际外包的就业效应研究——基于区域差异的视角

Study on the Employment Effects of International Outsourcing: Based on the Perspective of Regional Differences

基于区域差异视角,运用投入产出法测算中国30个地区2002年-2015年制造业国际外包水平,从就业数量与结构两方面系统梳理了国际外包对就业的作用机制,并运用面板数据对国际外包的就业效应进行实证分析。结果表明,国际外包显著抑制了就业数量的扩张,但对就业结构有显著优化作用。进一步研究发现,不同形式国际外包的就业效应存在差异,服务外包对就业数量与就业结构的影响程度均大于制造外包;不同区域内国际外包的就业效应不同,对中西部地区而言,国际外包对就业有显著的数量抑制效应和结构优化效应,而对东部地区效果不明显。

Based on the perspective of regional differences,this paper uses the input-output method to measure the international outsourcing level of manufacturing industry in 30 regions of China from 2002 to 2015. The paper summarizes the mechanism between international outsourcing and employment from the aspects of employment quantity and structure,and uses panel data to analyze the employment effects of international outsourcing. The results show that,in general,international outsourcing significantly inhibits the expansion of employment quantity,but plays a significant role in the optimization of employment structure. Furthermore,we find that there are differences in the employment effects of different forms of international outsourcing. The influence of service outsourcing on employment quantity and employment structure is greater than those of manufacturing outsourcing. The employment effects of international outsourcing in different regions are different. For the central and western regions,international outsourcing has a significant negative effect on employment quantity and a significant positive effect on employment structure,while the effects on the eastern region are not obvious.