中国出口企业低加成率之谜及其形成机制——基于资源配置的视角

The Enigma of the Low Addition Rate of Chinese Export Companies and Its Formation Mechanism: Based on the Perspective of Resource Allocation

基于中国工业企业海关匹配数据,系统测算了中国企业的加成率,并利用倾向得分匹配法比较中国出口企业加成率和非出口企业加成率的差异,以验证中国"出口低加成率"是否真实存在。进一步地,在动态OP方法基础上对出口企业加成率进行分解,从资源配置角度挖掘中国出口低加成率背后的机制。研究结果表明:中国出口企业加成率始终低于非出口企业,平均相差0.03,中国存在典型的"出口低加成率"现象;企业内效应和资源再配置效应对中国出口企业加成率增长的贡献率分别为77.89%、22.11%,依靠企业自身技术进步带来的加成率增长占据主导地位;中国长期实施出口导向型战略,使大量从事加工贸易的企业涌入出口市场,出口市场的进入门槛较低,这是中国出口企业加成率偏低的重要原因。

Based on China's industrial-customs companies matching data,this paper systematically calculates the Chinese company's addition rate,and uses propensity score matching(PSM) to compare the difference between Chinese export company's addition rate and non-export company's addition rate to verify that China's"low addition rate of export". Further,on the basis of the dynamic OP method,the addition rate of export companies is decomposed,and the mechanism behind the low rate of Chinese exports from the perspective of resource allocation is explored. The results of the study indicate that: First,the rate of increase in China's export companies is always lower than that of non-export companies,with an average difference of 0. 03. China has a typical phenomenon of"lower export addition rate". Second,the contribution rate of in-company effects and resource redeployment effects to the growth rate of Chinese export companies' markups is 77. 89% and 22. 11%,respectively. The increase in the rate of bonuses caused by the increase in technological progress of enterprises has dominated. Third,China's long-term implementation of an export-oriented strategy has led to a large number of companies engaged in processing trade influx into the export market.The threshold for entry into the export market is relatively low. This is an important reason for the low rate of Chinese export companies to add up.