气盘、气盉与西周誓仪

"Qi" Pan,"Qi" He and the Oath Ritual in the Western Zhou Dynasty

本文对大河口M2002出土的气盘、盉铭文进行考释,认为其文意是穆公命气将其属仆驭臣妾全部转归霸姬,气没有执行此命,霸姬将气讼至穆公。穆公命气发誓要听从命令,如果违誓,就处以鞭刑五百,并罚金五百锊。气据此发誓,并记录下来。穆公又命气增加誓言,说如果不听从穆公命令,就处以鞭刑,并逐出宗族。气据此再次发誓,并记录下来。为记录穆公的命令,作了这二件盘、盉,要子孙们长久存用下去。在解读铭文的基础上,认为西周时期的誓仪一般分为三个为仪程:首先是命誓,一般是裁判者主持,发布誓辞内容,明确需遵守的事项及违誓的处罚;接着是报誓,发誓者根据命誓内容重复说出誓辞;最后是则誓,即发誓者确认并记录其誓辞,以备以后稽核。

This article interprets the inscriptions on ＂Qi＂ pan and ＂Qi＂ he excavated from Dahekou M2002： Qi was prosecuted by Lady Ba Ji to Duke Mu for disobeying Duke Mu＇s order of giving her all his servants. Duke Mu ordered Qi to take an oath that he should be obedient otherwise he would be punished, fined and even driven out of the clan. Qi made the oath and recorded it on the pan and the he. On the basis of the inscriptions, the current author points out that there should be three steps of the oath ritual in the Western Zhou dynasty： the arbiter announces the oath content, the vower makes the oath, and he confirms the oath and records it for future examination.