中国国家博物馆藏新年画文物及作品研究

Research of the Novo New Year's Painting Works Collected at the National Museum of China

新年画运动是新中国美术史上第一个政令化的美术运动,发始于1949年底。早在抗日战争时期,年画就成为中国共产党宣传革命的工具,并取得了一定的成绩。新中国成立后,共产党再次选择了最具有群众基础的年画进行改造,使其成为宣传新中国、建立新的社会意识形态的艺术样式。由于政策的鼓励,大批艺术家、文艺团体投入新年画的创作中,产生了一批具有鲜明时代特征和独特艺术语言的经典作品。以政治宣教为主要功能的新年画运动在20世纪50年代取得了辉煌的成就,并影响了新中国美术界其他画种的发展。但是,随着政治宣教功能被无限放大,艺术家的创作被过分限制和程式化,新年画运动失去了继续发展的动力和空间而逐渐走向衰落。本文以这一时期中国国家博物馆藏新年画文物为据,探讨新年画运动的历史发展脉络及其特点。

The Novo New Year＇s Painting Movement, which was started in the end of 1949, was the first political art event in the art history of People＇s Republic of China. As early as during the War of Resistance against Japan, New Year＇s Painting works performed as a method to propagate the revolution and were somehow effective. After the establishment of P.R. China, New Year＇s Painting works were again selected as an artistic form to propagate New China and found the social ideology. Under this background, a large amount of artists and artistic groups were dedicated to the creation of Novo New Year＇s Painting and produced many classic works with prominent mark of the time. However, as the political function was over emphasized, the artists＇ creation was restricted and stereotyped, leading to the decline of the Novo New Year＇s Painting Movement. This article studies the Novo New Year＇s Painting works and related objects in the NMC collection and summarizes the development of the Novo New Year＇s Painting Movement and its characteristics.