福州地区老年骨折患者回顾性分析

The retrospective analysis of fractures in elderly people in Fuzhou

目的回顾分析福建省第二人民医院老年骨折的流行病学特征,以大致推断福州地区的流行病学特征,为该地区骨质疏松性骨折的防治提供理论依据。方法回顾性收集2012年6月至2017年6月福建省第二人民医院老年骨折住院患者(≥50岁),统计骨折部位构成情况,并分析其随年龄、性别变化趋势。结果共收集老年骨折1535例,男性467例(30.42%),女性1068例(69.58%),男女比例12.29,75~79岁骨折患者最多。骨折部位以胸腰椎(36.48%)最多,其次为股骨近端骨折(20.65%)(股骨粗隆间骨折11.01%,股骨颈骨折9.19%)和尺桡骨远端(7.23%)。女性以胸腰椎骨折(40.17%)最多,其次为股骨粗隆间骨折(10.21%)和尺桡骨远端骨折(9.74%);男性同样以胸腰椎骨折(28.05%)最多,其次为股骨粗隆间骨折(12.85%)和股骨颈骨折(8.35%)。老年骨折患者中骨质疏松患者占比59.54%,女性(47.82%),男性(11.72%),并以跌倒所致骨折居多(68.62%)。结论福州地区老年骨折患者中女性多于男性,骨折主要集中于胸腰椎、股骨近端和尺桡骨远端,且男女骨折的好发部位有所不同。跌倒是老年人骨折的一个重要原因,而绝经后骨质疏松加大了老年女性骨折的风险,预防应主要加强对老年人的抗骨质疏松治疗,并加强看护、陪伴及采取相应防护措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of fractures in elderly patients in the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province,to infer the epidemiological characteristics in Fuzhou,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the area. Method Data of elderly patients（〉 50 years old） with fractures in the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province from June 2012 to June 2017 were retrospectively collected. The proportion of each fracture site and its trend with age and gender were analyzed. Results A total of1535 fractures in the elderly were collected,including 467 fractures in males（30. 42%） and 1068 in females（69. 58%）,with a M/F ratio of 1∶ 2. 29. The most amount of fractures occurred in 75-79 years old patients. The most proportion of fracture site was at the thoracolumbar（36. 48%）,and followed by the proximal femur（20. 65%）,the intertrochanter（11. 01%）,the femoral neck（9. 19%）,and the distal radius and ulna（7. 23%）. In females,the most proportion was 40. 17% of thoracolumbar fractures,followed by 10. 21% of intertrochanteric fractures and 9. 74% of distal radius and ulna fractures. In males,the most proportion was 28. 05% of thoracolumbar fractures,followed by 12. 85% of intertrochanteric fractures and 8. 35% of femoral neck fractures. The proportion of osteoporosis in elderly patients with fracture was 59. 54%,including 47. 82% females and11. 72% males. The fractures were mostly caused by falls（68. 62%）. Conclusion There are more fractures in elder females than in elder males in Fuzhou area. The fractures are mainly located at the thoracolumbar vertebrae,proximal femur,and distal ulna and radius. Falls are an important cause of fractures in the elderly. Postmenopausal osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures in elderly women. Prevention should mainly strengthen the antiosteoporosis treatment for the elderly,strengthen the nursing care,accompany,and take corresponding protective measures.