几丁类寡糖构效关系及植物免疫诱导活性研究进展

Research Progress on the Structure-function Relationship of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Plant Immune Modulating Activity

自然界中产量巨大的几丁质降解得到的几丁类寡糖,已被发现具有多样生物活性,在农业、健康、食品等诸多行业已有诸多应用,尤其在植物保护方面,相关产品展现出良好免疫诱导抗病、抗虫、抗逆活性,结合其天然无毒、环境友好的特点,符合国家"双减"政策需求,农业生产应用潜力巨大。随着对几丁类寡糖研究及寡糖结构分析技术的不断发展,其结构的复杂性逐渐被揭示,特定结构与生物活性的关系日渐明确。伴随生产工艺技术水平的提高,现有几丁类寡糖产品存在的生产工艺落后、构效关系不明确等问题亟待研究解决。具有明确结构特征、更高生物活性的寡糖将成为下一代产品的开发方向。本文从几丁类寡糖分类定义、生产工艺、植物免疫诱导活性和构效关系等四个方面,介绍近年来几丁类寡糖的研究进展。

Chitin is the world second most abundant biomass. Chitooligosaccharides, degradation products of chitin, have been found to have diverse biological activities and applied in many fields such as agriculture, health, and food, especially in plant protection. Chitooligosaccharide products, which are non-toxic and environmentally friendly, have shown excellent activities on modulating plant immune system to enhance resistance to disease, pest and stress. Thus, chitooligosaccharides and related products meet the requirements of the national policy of chemical-fertilizer and pesticide ＂double reduction＂ and show great potential on the agricultural production. With the recent progress of researches and structure analysis technology on chitooligosaccharides, the structural complexity of chitooligosaccharides and the relationship between specific structure and biological activity have been gradually revealed. However, existing products of chitooligosaccharides on the market have drawbacks such as backward production technology and unclear structure-activity relationship. A new generation of chitooligosaccharide products with clear structural characteristics and higher biological activity will be developed. In this paper, the recent progresses on the research of chitooligosaccharides have been introduced in terms of the classification and definition,production technology, plant immune-modulating activity and structure-function relationship.