水源涵养型国家重点生态功能区的生态环境评价——以福建省为例

Eco-environmental Assessment of Water Conservation National Key Ecological Function Areas——a Case Study of Fujian Province LIN Yunshan

生态环境状况评价对加强重点生态功能区的生态环境保护,增强区域可持续发展能力有着重要作用.文章选取南岭山地森林及生物多样性生态功能区中的长汀县、上杭县、武平县和连城县4个国家重点生态功能县为研究对象,利用水源涵养生态功能评价体系对研究区的生态环境质量现状及动态变化趋势进行分析评价.评价体系涵盖了生态、环境状况两个方面,并加入生态功能调节指标,从生态功能、生态结构、生态胁迫、污染负荷与环境质量五个方面反映研究区的生态环境状况.结果显示,2016年研究区的生态功能状况均为良以上.与2015年相比,2016年长汀县、上杭县和连城县的生态功能状况变好,武平县的生态功能状况变差.研究表明,水源涵养生态功能评价体系具有动态性及可操作性,为水源涵养型国家重点生态功能区的环境保护与管理提供基础.

The evaluation of ecological environment status plays an important role in strengthening the ecological environment protection of key ecological function areas and enhancing the capacity of regional sustainable development. This article selects four counties from Nanling Mountain Forest and Biodiversity Ecological Function Zone as the research objects including Changting, Shanghang, Wuping and Liancheng and evaluates the current status of ecological environment quality and its dynamic changing trend based on the water conservation ecological function assessment system. The evaluation system covers both ecological and environmental conditions, and incorporates indicators for the regulation of ecological functions. The ecological environment of the study area is reflected in five aspects： ecological function, ecological structure, ecological stress, pollution load, and environmental quality. The results showed that the ecological function status of the study area in 2016 was all good. Compared with 2015, the ecological functions of Changting County, Shanghang County and Liancheng County improved in 2016, and the ecological function of Wuping County deteriorated. The research shows that the ecological function evaluation system of water conservation is dynamic and operational, and thus provides the basis for the protection and management of water conservation national key ecological function areas.