自民党的政党转型演进与党内改革历程述考

Transformation and Internal Reformation of Liberal Democratic Party

自民党成立迄今已逾63年,树老根深并且历久弥新,一直处于日本政治的核心地位。每逢执政危机之时均能随时代而动,进行政党转型。按照政党组织学划分,自民党的政党转型经历了精英型政党、大众型政党转型尝试、卡特尔型政党演进3个阶段。建党初期,自民党主动开展"党的近代化"运动改变精英型政党特质;冷战后鉴于社会党的衰弱,自民党适时放弃大众型政党转型尝试向卡特尔型政党演进;小泉政治后,自民党历经政党转型的挫折,重新回归地方进行模式探索。

For more than 63 years since its establishment,the Liberal Democratic Party has been deeply rooted in history and has always been at the center of Japanese politics.At any time during the ruling crisis,the party can always be transformed with the trend.According to the party＇s organizational classification,the transformation of LDP has experienced three phases：the elite party,the transformation of the Mass party,and the evolution of the Cartel party.In the early days of its founding,the LDP took the initiative to carry out the modernization movement to change the characteristics of elite parties.After the Cold War,in view of the decline of the Socialist Party,the LDP gave up the transition to Mass party and attempted to evolve into the Cartel-type party.After Junichiro Koizumi＇s cabinet,the LDP suffered many setbacks in the transformation of political parties and ended up returning to the local area to explore new patterns.