CircRNA与骨相关疾病

CircRNA and bone-related diseases

环状RNA(circRNAs)是20世纪70年代被发现的非编码RNA(Noncoding RNAs),在原生生物,真核生物及一系列动植物中广泛存在。通过内含子环化或外显子剪切后拼接形成。具有稳定性高,发育阶段和组织特异性等特点。CircRNAs具有"miRNA分子海绵"功能,影响基因转录调控与表达。目前发现少数circRNAs通过IRES(Internal ribosome entry site)序列或m6A甲基化启动翻译行使编码蛋白的功能,这颠覆了非编码RNA的传统定义。CircRNAs还参与多种信号通路的调节,与多种癌症,神经退行性疾病,粥样动脉硬化等疾病均有密切联系,具有潜在的分子标记物功能。本文概述了circRNAs的形成方式,特点与功能,并系统介绍综述了近年来circRNAs在骨疾病发生、成骨细胞与破骨细胞以及与其他非编码RNA相互作用的研究进展。

Circular RNAs （circRNAs） are non-coding RNAs that were discovered in the 1 970 s.They exist in protists, eukaryotes, and large variety of plants and animals.CircRNA can be formed by exon splicing or intron cyclization.They are characterized with high stability, specificity in the tissue and development stage.CircRNAs function as miRNA sponge, which can affect gene transcriptional regulation and expression of target genes.In recent years, few circRNAs are reported to encode proteins by IRES （Internal ribosome entry site） or m6A methylation.Hence, the classic definition of non-coding RNAs may need further revision.CircRNAs are also involved in many cellular singling pathways.The relationship between circRNAs and diseases are frequently reported in various cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and others.So they are more potential molecular markers for diseases, considering their characteristics and their highly stability than other non-coding RNAs.This review summarizes the biogenesis, characteristics, and functions of circRNAs, as well as their progress in bone diseases, bone related cells, and the interaction with non-coding RNAs.