离岸金融业务中的法律适用问题

Application of law in the offshore financial business

离岸金融具有业务性质离岸性、交易平台虚拟性和监管环境宽松性等特征,在国际金融市场中占有举足轻重的地位。有平等地位的离岸金融主体之间的权利义务关系实质上是涉外民商事法律关系,应受国际私法的调整。在司法实践中,各国法院根据统一实体法、一般冲突规范和直接适用的法等例外制度调整离岸金融类涉外法律纠纷。然而,冲突规范被具体用于调整上述法律纠纷时会遭到连接点的失效、法律适用缺乏一致性、法律适用缺乏可预见性和稳定性等困境。这种困境的存在会导致纠纷得不到妥善解决,进而阻碍离岸金融业务发展。建议从制定统一实体法、达成法律适用协议、确定有效连接点等方面解决上述离岸金融法律纠纷中的法律适用困境。

Offshore finance has three characteristics： offshore business,virtual trading platform and loosen regulatory environment.It occupies a decisive position in the international financial market. The rights and obligations between the equal status of offshore financial entities are in essence legal relations between foreign-owned civil and commercial affairs and should be adjusted by private international law. In judicial practice,courts in various countries adjust foreign-related legal disputes related to offshore finance according to the uniform substantive law,the general conflict rules,and the exception systems such as the directly applicable law.However,conflict rules are specifically used to adjust the legal disputes mentioned above,which may lead to failures of connection points,lack of consistency in the application of laws,and lack of predictability and stability in the application of laws. The existence of this dilemma will result in disputes being not properly resolved and hindering the development of offshore financial services. It is suggested that the legal application dilemma in the offshore financial legal disputes mentioned above be resolved from the following three aspects： the formulation of some uniform substantive law,the conclusion of legal application agreements,and the establishment of effective connection points.