《庄子》论“孝”探微

A study of Zhuangzi's View of “Filial Piety”

《庄子》论"孝"的内容不多,但颇为惊艳,是传统道家"孝"文化思想的突出体现。《庄子》论"孝",反对虚饰和强制,注重"孝"之情感的本然真实和自然实现,追求父母与子女之间的一种"忘亲"之"孝"的理想境界,并要求将这种理想境界落实到"孝亲"生活中的每一个方面。"忘"之为"忘",在《庄子》中,存在着"因困而忘"和"因适而忘"的不同运思理路;"忘亲"之"孝",由此展开为一个由易而难、不断提升的多层次之"孝亲"理论和实践的发展过程。在传统的"以敬孝"和"以爱孝"的实现方式之上,《庄子》开出了一个更为超越的"忘亲"之"孝"的浑化境界,具有在理论内容和实践操作上的独特性,对我们今天的"孝"之实践也能够提供一定的参考和启示。

The theory of"filial piety"was a very important part of Zhuangzi's philosophy,and it embodied the traditional Taoist filial piety culture adequately.Though the content of the theory in Zhuangzi was brief with only a few words,it was very striking in thinking.For Zhuangzi,the hypocritical and compulsory affection must be denied,and it held a high esteem in people's naturally filial emotion and it is spontaneous realization.According to Zhuangzi,there was an ideal state of "forgetting family members"in one's daily"filial piety"practice.As for the so-called"forgetting",there were two kinds of understandings:the forgetting for plight,and the forgetting for comfort.With the use of"forgetting",a developing process of different levels in the"filial piety"practice could be achieved.In this process,above the level of respect and love,Zhuangzi provided us with a more transcend level of"filial piety"in"forgetting family members".Zhuangzi's analysis was unique in the"filial piety"thinking and operating,and it could offer us with references and implications concerning the current ethic practice.