塔里木盆地震旦纪-寒武纪构造格局及其对寒武纪古地理的控制作用

Sinian-Cambrian Tectonic Framework in the Tarim Basin and its Influences on the Paleogeography of the Early Cambrian

强烈改造盆地的构造格局研究对盆地原型恢复及其油气勘探具有重要意义。通过塔里木盆地井下新的年代学资料、地震资料结合野外露头与区域构造分析,探讨震旦纪-寒武纪构造转换期的构造格局及其对寒武纪古地理的控制作用。结果表明:(1)塔里木盆地前寒武系发育大型区域不整合,寒武系与震旦系不是连续沉积;(2)寒武系沉积前具有几近夷平的宽缓地貌背景,有利于寒武纪早期陆表浅海环境与缓坡型台地的发育,并制约台地的内部分异;(3)塔里木板块边界外延更广,寒武纪台地的范围超出现今盆地边界;(4)寒武纪-早奥陶世塔里木盆地为克拉通内弱伸展背景,没有裂陷槽发育;(5)寒武纪塔西南地区不是台槽,而是台内低隆起,板块边缘没有大面积古隆起;(6)寒武纪具有台地-斜坡-洋盆的宽缓构造-古地理格局。塔里木板块寒武纪发育范围广阔的、东西分区的统一碳酸盐岩台地,台内具有南北分带的凸起-凹陷结构,并以宽缓的斜坡与洋盆过渡。多旋回叠合盆地古地理恢复需要重视古构造的恢复。

Due to strong remodification and sparse trace remnants, tectonic restoration is critical for the reconstructing of the paleography and basin-prototype in the multiple-cycles superimposed basin, which is also fundamental for the hydrocarbon exploration of the deep marine carbonate in the Tarim Basin. This study presents the tectonic framework of the transition phase from the Sinian to the Cambrian Period and its constrains on the paleography of the Cambrian in the Tarim Basin based on comprehensive analysis of new geochronology data, seismic data and regional tectonic data. The results showed that（1） there is a large regional unconformity between the Cambrian and Precambrian, suggesting a discontinuous deposition from the Sinian to the Cambrian that is contrary to the major view;（2） a broad flattened paleotopography formed before Cambrian Period, which is favorable for the wide epicontinental sea environment and a gentle homoclinal ramp platform development in the early Cambrian, and the residual basement low relief uplifts that influence the microfacies differentiation in the carbonate platform;（3） the Cambrian carbonate platform has been involved much into the marginal orogenic belts, and the proto-platform is probably of 200 km out of the present basin in S-N direction;（4） there is a weak extensional setting in the Cambrian-Early Ordovician rather than a strong rifting setting with a large aulacogen into the platform, in which a inter-platform shallow depression and stable ramp platform developed in the Cambrian;（5） there is not troughs, but rather low relief uplifts developed in the Early Cambrian in the southwestern Tarim Basin, and lack of large uplifts along the carbonate platform margins;（6） it is showed a broad architecture of platform-wide slope-ocean basin from the inner Tarim plate to its margin in the Cambrian Period. Considering the basin prototype, the restoration of the tectono-paleography in the early Cambrian in the Tarim Basin is distinct from those of the previously proposed. We propose that a gentle pattern with ＂two platforms and one inter-depression＂ in E-W striking other than multiple small platform constrained in the basin, and further subdivision of the western platform with inner platform low uplift and sag in N-S striking, which is possibly inherited from the basement architecture. On the outer of the united platform, there is probably broad gentle slope for transition to ocean basin. We therefore argue that tectonic restoration is crucial for reconstruction of the paleogeography and basin prototype, especially for basins experienced multiphase of tectonic cycles.