失智老人居家照护服务现况及其需求研究

Study on the Care Status and the Demands of Dementia Elderly

目的分析宁波市失智老人的居家照护情况及其需求,为失智老人照护服务规划的制定提供参考。方法采用自行设计的问卷对失智老人的主要照护者进行调查,共回收有效问卷132份。采用描述性统计分析方法和方差分析对资料进行统计分析。结果失智老人的主要照护者年龄为60周岁以上者占49.2%;文化程度以小学和初中为主,占65.2%;患有急慢性病患的占54.4%;不同照护者每天为老人提供照护的时间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。89.4%的主要照护者认为照护老人的负担大,主要原因包括精力不够用、对自己生活造成困扰、精神压力大、照护能力不足等。失智老人对社区照护服务的需求程度排在前五位的分别为:"上门看病"(98.5%)、"防走失穿戴设备"(93.8%)、"照料护理知识、技能指导"(83.1%)、"家庭病床"(78.5%)和"助浴服务"(78.1%)。结论失智老人家庭照护负担较重,对社区照护服务需求程度较高。建议发挥多主体作用为家庭照护者提供支持,并充分发挥社区功能,为失智老人提供优质可及的照护服务项目。

Objective To analyze the the care status and the demand of dementia elderly,and to provide reference for the care planning making.Methods Self-designed questionnaire was applied to conduct the survey for the main caregiver of dementia elderly,and a total of 132 valid questionnaires were collected.Descriptive statistics analysis method and variance analysis method were used to analyze the data.Results The age of 49.2% main caregivers was above 60 years old.65.2% of the main caregivers had primary or junior high school education,and 54.4% had acute or chronic diseases.The average time of care provding for dementia elderly per day was different in terms of different main caregivers.89.4% of the major caregivers considered the burden of care for the dementia elderly was high,mainly due to their lack of energy,confusion in their own lives,mental stress and insufficient care capacity.The top five of community care services that the dementia elderly demanded strongest were ranked below：＂home visit＂,＂antiloss wear equipment＂,＂knowledge and skill guidance of care and nursing＂,＂family beds＂and＂bath service＂.Conclusion The family care burden of dementia elderly was high,and the demands of community care services were in high degree.It is proposed that multi-agent support should provide to the family caregiver,and community functions should be full played to provide accessible and quality care services for the dementia elderly.