铝胁迫对草本植物生理的影响机制

Advances in the understanding of mechanisms underlying the effects of aluminum stress on herbaceous plant physiology

铝毒是酸性土壤地区影响草本植物生长的主要限制因子,全球性土壤酸化进一步加剧了铝胁迫对植物的危害。本文综述了铝胁迫对草本植物的农艺性状、光合呼吸作用、活性氧和抗氧化酶系统、渗透调节物质以及根系活动和次生代谢物的影响,简述了低浓度的铝对草本植物生长部分指标具有促进作用,主要阐述了铝胁迫对草本植物的各种危害:铝胁迫对其地上部分和地下部分具有毒害作用、迫使其叶绿素含量降低、气孔导度下降、呼吸作用受阻、活性氧浓度升高、抗氧化酶活性下降、渗透调节受破坏、根系活力下降并扰乱其次生代谢,并提出了缓解铝毒的方法和未来的研究方向。

Aluminum toxicity is a major factor limiting the growth of herbaceous plants in areas with acidic soils.Global soil acidification further intensifies aluminum stress-induced damage to plants.In this paper,we review the effects of aluminum stress on herbaceous plants,including the effects on agronomic traits,photosynthetic respiration,active oxygen and antioxidant enzymes,osmotic adjustment substances,root activity,and secondary metabolites.We mainly focus on the various hazards of aluminum stress with respect to herbaceous plants,but also briefly describe how low concentrations of aluminum can have a promoting effect on certain indicators of herbaceous plant growth.Aluminum stress has toxic effects on both the above-and belowground parts of plants,causing decreases in chlorophyll content,reduced stomatal conductance,inhibition of respiration,increases in active oxygen concentrations,decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity,perturbation of osmotic adjustment,reduced root activity,and disruption of secondary metabolism.We also discuss methods that can be employed to alleviate aluminum toxicity and propose future research directions.