不同温度对高粱蚜的生长发育的影响

Effect of different temperatures on the growth and development of sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari)

为了探讨温度对高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)生长发育及繁殖的影响,在实验室15~30℃温度范围下,测定并计算了高粱蚜的发育历期、繁殖力、寿命及各项生命表参数。结果表明,高粱蚜种群在30℃逃脱及死亡率较高,因此无具体数据分析;高粱蚜若虫的发育历期随着温度的上升而显著缩短(P<0.05),在15~28℃内发育历期为5.63~12.13d,存活率为88%~94%,15℃下若虫的存活率最高,而28℃下存活率最低;体重差及F1代体重随着温度升高而降低;高粱蚜的平均寿命为11.76~48.47d,生殖率与温度呈正相关关系;在15~28℃范围内,高粱蚜的种群净增殖率为42.60~80.56,其中24℃时最高,28℃时最低(42.60);平均世代周期随着温度的升高而缩短;高粱蚜的内禀增长率在0.160~0.339,24℃时最高,在15~28℃范围内,随着温度的升高,内禀增长率显著升高,由净增殖率、内禀增长率与温度的关系方程推测高粱蚜适宜的温度范围为20.34~26.85℃。以上结果说明,高粱蚜生长发育的最适温度为24℃,可能导致高粱蚜种群动态上升的适宜温度范围为20.34~26.85℃,因此当环境温度处于此温度区间时,需实时进行高粱蚜的预测预报,为高粱蚜的防治工作奠定基础。

This study examined the effects of different temperatures on the development and fecundity of the sorghum aphid（Melanaphis sacchari）.The growth and development,fecundity,and life table parameters of sorghum aphids were studied at 15~30 ℃.The results indicate that the mortality of sorghum aphids is higher at 30 ℃;so no specific data could be generated at this temperature.The growth period of the sorghum aphids were markedly shortened when the temperature increased.Within the range of 15 to 28 ℃,the growth period of the sorghum aphids was between 5.63~12.13 dand the survival rate was between 88%~94%.The survival rate of the nymphs was the highest at 15℃and the lowest at 28℃.The weight of the adult aphids and that of the F1 progeny decreased with increasing temperature.The longevity of the sorghum aphids ranged from 11.76 to 48.47 d.The reproductive rate was positively correlated with temperature.In the range of 15~28℃,the net reproductive rate of the population ranged from 42.60 to 80.56,with the highest rate recorded at 24℃（80.56）and the lowest at 28 ℃（42.60）.The average generation time decreased with increasing temperature.The intrinsic rate of increase of the sorghum aphids ranged between 0.160~0.339,with the highest value recorded at24 ℃.In the range of 15~28 ℃,the intrinsic growth rate significantly increased with increasing temperature.Using an equation relating the net reproductive rate,the intrinsic rate of increase and temperature,the optimal temperature for the growth and reproduction of the sorghum aphids was determined to be between 20.34~26.85 ℃.The above results indicate that the growth and development of the sorghum aphids occur optimally at24 ℃.The population of the sorghum aphids increase when the temperature ranges between 20.34~26.85 ℃Therefore,within this temperature range the population dynamics of the sorghum aphids can be predicted,which provides the foundation for strategies to prevent the spread of the sorghum aphids.