高寒牧区不同菊芋品种茎叶青贮的饲用价值

Evaluation of the nutritional value of silage from stems and leaves of different Jerusalem artichoke varieties in an alpine region

为筛选高寒牧区产量高、营养价值高的菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)品种,采用随机区组设计和袋装青贮方法,研究了3个本地菊芋品种(菊芋17号、菊芋47号、菊芋119号)的利用价值和青贮潜力。结果表明,1)品种间地上生物量、株高均差异极显著(P<0.01)。参试品种119号株高最高,地上生物量最大。2)品种间青贮pH和有机酸含量均呈极显著差异(P<0.01)。17号pH最高,乳酸含量最低,而其余两品种间差异不显著(P>0.05);119号乙酸、丙酸含量最高,分别为0.71%、0.60%。3)品种间干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、相对饲用价值(RFV)均差异显著(P<0.05)。119号DM含量最高,为19.8%;47号CP和Ash含量最低,119号和17号CP和Ash含量均差异不显著(P>0.05);119号NDF、ADF含量显著低于17号和47号(P<0.05);119号RFV为170.63,较17号、47号分别高出15.8%、17.6%。综合各品种干物质产量、相对饲用价值、青贮发酵品质和营养品质,菊芋119号作为青贮饲料在高寒地区具有较大的潜在推广利用价值。

The objective of the present study was to select Jerusalem artichoke（Helianthus tuberosus）varieties with high yields and nutrition in an alpine area.Three varieties（17,47,and 119）were planted and harvested at the bud stage to make silage from stems and leaves.The results were as follows：1）There were significant differences in plant height and biomass（P〈0.01）among the three varieties,with variety 119 having the highest plant height and biomass.2）The pH and organic acid content of the silage showed significant differences among the three varieties（P〉0.01）.Variety 17 silage had the highest pH and lowest lactic acid content,whereas the other two varieties did not show significant differences（P〈0.05）.Variety 119 silage had the highest acetic acid and propionic acid content（0.71% and 0.60%,respectively）.3）The content of dry matter（DM）,crude protein（CP）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF）,crude ash（Ash）,and relative feeding value（RFV）were significantly different among the three varieties（P〈0.05）.The DM of variety 119 was higher than that of varieties 17 and 47.The lowest content of CP and Ash was found in variety 47,and there were no significant differences in CP and Ash between variety 17 and variety 119（P〉0.05）.The NDF and ADF content of variety 119 was significantly lower than those of varieties 47 and 17.The RFV of variety119 was significantly higher than that of varieties 17 and 47.In conclusion,variety 119 showed the best nutritional feed value and productivity in an alpine area in the present study.