基于博弈理论的草原生态补偿效率考察与制度省思——以内蒙古鄂温克旗为例

Study on the Operation of Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism from the Perspective of Multiple Game in Case of Ewenk

草原生态补偿机制的运行存在多元主体利益博弈,容易陷入"囚徒困境"和"智猪博弈",导致生态补偿"制度失灵"。本文在分析我国草原生态补偿法律制度建设现状的基础上,从环境、经济和牧民主观几个角度考察了鄂温克旗生态补偿政策运行效率,并采用博弈论分析了草原生态补偿实施过程中的多元利益博弈和"制度失灵"问题,并从建立以博弈均衡为目标的长效生态补偿机制,完善草原生态补偿的政策和制度安排与强化正式规则、实施机制和非正式约束等三个方面,提出了基于博弈理论的草原生态补偿"制度失灵"解决对策,以有效均衡生态补偿主体博弈,保障生态补偿政策的激励效果,提高生态补偿机制运行效率。

The operation of grassland ecological compensation mechanism has multiple stakeholders＇ interest game,which is easy to fall into ＂ prisoner＇s dilemma＂ and ＂ smart pig game＂,which leads to ＂ system failure＂ of ecological compensation. Based on the analysis of the status quo of China＇s legal system of grassland ecological compensation construction,the study efficiency of Ewenk ecological compensation policy from the environment,economy and herdsmen subjective aspects. And analysis of the diverse interests of the game process and the ＂ system failure＂ problem of grassland ecological compensation implementation based on game theory,and from the establishment of long-term ecological compensation mechanism based on game as the goal,improve the grassland ecological compensation policy and institutional arrangements,strengthen the implementation of the three aspects,the formal rules and informal constraint mechanism. Based on game theory,the ＂ ecosystem failure＂ solution of grassland ecological compensation is put forward,so as to effectively balance the game of the main body of the ecological compensation,guarantee the incentive effect of the ecological compensation policy,and improve the operation efficiency of the ecological compensation mechanism.