共识与分化:福利国家公民的福利态度及其比较研究

Consensus and Differentiation: A Comparative Study of Public Welfare Attitudes in Welfare States

论文基于ISSP2009社会不平等模块的调查数据,通过选取美国、德国、瑞典、韩国四个典型福利国家,分析了不同福利体制下公民福利态度的差异,探讨了公民福利态度的影响因素以及不同福利体制内组群间福利态度的分化特征。研究发现:不同福利体制下公民的福利态度存在显著的差异,且福利体制是影响公民福利态度的最主要因素,社会价值观念维度的社会公平感、社会冲突感、收入差距认知以及个体自利维度的主观社会阶层均显著影响公民的福利态度;不同的福利体制产生了特定的社会群体内部的福利态度分化结构,也存在一定的态度共识。公民福利态度研究的出发点是保障福利国家存在的合法性,是政府制定社会福利政策的重要依据。研究福利国家公民的福利态度,能为我国当前的社会福利制度的转型提供方向参考。

Using the social inequality module data of International Social Survey Programme(ISSP)2009,with the United States,Germany,Sweden,and South Korea selected as typical welfare states,the paper analyzes the differences in public welfare attitudes among the four different welfare regimes.It also discusses the influential factors of public welfare attitudes and the cleavage characteristics of different social groups'welfare attitudes within these welfare regimes.There are significant differences in public welfare attitudes among the various welfare regimes.However,the welfare regime is the main factor affecting public welfare attitudes.Sense of social justice,perception of social conflict,and income gap in the social value dimension and the perceived social stratification of individual self-interest dimension,have significant effects on welfare attitudes.Also,different welfare regimes produce a specific structure of attitudinal cleavages within social groups,whereas there are also certain consensus attitudes.The purpose of public welfare attitude research is to confirm that the welfare state's existence is legitimate,but it is also an important reference for the development of social policies.Thisstudy of public welfare attitudes in welfare states can provide direction for the current transformation of China's social welfare system.