行政国家:一个基本概念的生成及其蕴涵

The Rise of the Concept of The Administrative State and Its Implication

"行政国家"是政治学、公共管理学与行政法学等学科的一个基本概念。作为学术概念的行政国家,源于施米特等人对魏玛议会民主制的深层忧思。作为国家建设实践范畴的行政国家,是现代社会大转型的必然结果。没有现代民主政治,没有国家权力的分工机制,没有官僚制的组织形式,就没有行政国家。行政国家包括三个维度的意涵:行政国家是一种"政府国家",相对于市场与社会,政府的力量显著增强,政府权力渗透到社会经济生活的方方面面;行政国家是一种"执行国家",相对于立法权与司法权,行政权空前壮大,行政成为现代政府的核心;行政国家是一种"官僚国家",相对于政治官员,官僚体系在政府过程中占据支配性地位。

The Administrative State is a fundamental concept in diverse disciplines such as politics,public administration,and administrative law.As an academic concept,the administrative state was first developed by the public law and political thinker Carl Schmitt who devoted himself to the studying the crisis of parliamentary democracy in the Weimar Republic.As a practical category of state-building,administration is the corollary of the great transition of modern society and the evolution of governmental functions.An administrative state cannot exist without the support of modern democracy,division of powers,and bureaucracy.The tridimensional administrative state consists of the governmental state,the executive state,and the bureaucratic state.