基于Landsat的黑龙江省大庆市湿地分布时空动态研究

Dynamic Changes of Wetland Distribution in Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province Based on Landsat

黑龙江省大庆市地处松嫩平原西部,湿地资源丰富,分析其湿地的时空动态特征对于湿地资源保护与可持续管理具有重要的现实意义。基于1990年、2000年和2015年的Landsat TM、OLI遥感影像为数据源,利用面向对象的分类方法获取湿地信息,在GIS技术支持下,选取6个景观格局指数,分析了研究区1990-2015年湿地的分布时空动态。结果表明:大庆湿地总面积在总体上呈先减少后回升的趋势,1990年、2000年和2015年湿地总面积分别为5 267.37 km^2、4 918.74 km^2和5 091.20 km^2。由于人类活动和自然因素的叠加影响,2015年大庆湿地斑块类型逐渐趋于单一,景观丰富度降低。

Daqing city of Heilongjiang province is located in the western songnen plain, where wetland resources are rich, an analysis of its temporal and spatial dynamics of the wetland was conducted in order to provide an important guidance for protection and sustainable management of wetland resources. Based on Landsat TM and OLI RS images of 1990, 2000 and 2015 as the data sources, with use of object-oriented classification method, wetland information was extracted from remote sensing images. With GIS technology, 6 landscape pattern indices were used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of landscape metrics during 1990-2015. The results indicated that：from 1990 to 2015, the wetland area of Daqing city was first increased and followed by a decrease, the total area of wetlands in 1990, 2000 and 2015 was 5267.37 km^2、4918.74 km^2 and 5091.20 km^2. By 2015, due to the superposition of impacts by human activities and natural factors, the wetland landscape richness was the lowest in Daqing.