江苏南湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落的时空变化

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Bird Community in Jiangsu Nanhu National Wetland Park

为掌握南湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落的动态,2015年6月-2016年1月每个季度采用样线法与样点法对公园不同功能分区的鸟类多样性进行调查。结果表明:南湖国家湿地公园共记录41种鸟类,隶属于11目24科。不同功能区域的鸟类密度存在差异,鸟类密度从高到低依次为:合理利用区>宣教展示区>生态保育区>恢复重建区。恢复重建区春、秋两季的Shannon-Wiener指数比夏、冬两季高;而生态保育区则是春、冬两季高。功能区域划分对鸟类分布有显著影响,不同鸟类对区域的选择偏好也不同;一些常见鸟类,如棕背伯劳、喜鹊、麻雀等在不同区域内的分布差异也较显著(P<0.05)。湿地公园功能分区和季节变化是影响湿地公园鸟类群落动态的重要因素。

Urban wetland park is an important habitat of urban wildlife. To provide a theoretical basis for designing wetland park and allocating appropriate plants legitimately, a survey was conducted to study bird diversity in 4 function divisions of the urban wetland park. From March 2015 to January 2016, we surveyed Nanhu National Wetland Park in each season using line transect method and point count method and analyzed the species composition, dynamic variation rule and biological diversity rule. Results showed that there were 41 species of birds recorded in Nanhu National Wetland Park totally, belonging to 24 families and 11 orders. Additionally, the 4 wetland function areas were ordered on the average bird density： reasonable use area science education and display area ecological conservation area rehabilitation area. The Shannon-Wiener index for spring and autumn was higher than that for summer and winter in the rehabilitation area. However, the ShannonWiener index of spring and winter was higher in the ecological conservation area. The partition of different functions had a prominent impact on birds distribution, different bird species had different preference in choosing function divisions, and the distribution of same bird species in different function divisions was also significantly different（P0.05）, such as Lanius schach, Pica pica and Passer montanus. Function division and the seasonal variations were crucial factors affecting the dynamics of bird populations in the Wetland Park.