离土熟人社会:村落水利失序问题的一个解释框架——以水利纠纷为视角

Earth-unbound Acquaintance Society: An Explanation Framework of The Problem of Water Conservancy Disorder in Village From The Perspective of Water Conservancy Disputes

近十多年来,乡村社会变化巨大,传统熟人社会蜕变明显。选取巢湖流域的蒋村,通过对其农田水利纠纷演变的分析来解读当前乡村社会秩序变迁。研究发现,传统时期村落水资源紧张,农户利用身份排斥、家族联合、以理服人等策略争水,水利纠纷频发,但是乡土熟人社会和礼治秩序能够及时惩罚违规者,匡正和恢复水利秩序。进入新世纪,农民的流动性、理性化,导致水利纠纷减少,但也伴随着乡村水利治理的失序,原因在于人口持续外流,人-地联结弱化,导致乡土熟人社会退化为离土熟人社会。解决农村水利秩序问题不能仅仅着眼于增强政府治理责任,更应该紧扣离土熟人社会的背景,从农村人口流动、土地制度、社会建设等方面统筹考虑。

In the past ten years,the rural society has changed greatly and the traditional acquaintance society disintegrated obviously. The paper tries to interpret the current social order changes in rural areas by analyzing the evolution of water conservancy disputes of Jang village in Chaohu Lake. The study finds that in rural village of the traditional period,under the water resource stress,farmers use various strategies to compete water,such as identity exclusion,family union,convincing people by reasoning.Disputes over water conservancy happened frequently. But earth-bound acquaintance society and the Confucian order can punish offenders timely,correct and restore the water conservancy order. Entering the new century,the mobility and rationalization of farmers decreased water disputes,but also with the disorder of rural water resources management. The reason is that population outflow,people-earth connection weakening,which contributed to the degradation of earth-bound acquaintance society for earthunbound acquaintance society. Solving the problem of rural water conservancy order can＇t just focus on strengthening government responsibility,which should be consider from the rural population flow,land system,and society construction as a whole by closely relating to the background of earth-unbound acquaintance society.